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Spanish Power Grows
Louis XIV
Parliament Triumphs in England
Constitutional Government
Russia
100
What made Spain the most powerful state in Europe in the 1500's?
What is Gold and Silver from the Americas (Cortes & Pizarro), Territories (Americas), Strong military (Spanish Armada)
100
Tell me what you know about Louis XIV
What is He was 4 years old when be became King of France, to young to rule so his mother Anne of Austria did, at 22 Louis created a reign which brought him great power, the French government centered around him, became known as the Sun King or (Grand Monarch, Louis the Great), claims he was chosen by God to rule France, raised Catholic and believed in government by one ruler,
100
Tell me what you know about James I
What is initially agreed to rule according to English laws and customs, repeatedly clashed with Parliament about divine right, lived lavishly, dissolved Parliament and collected taxes on his own, clashed with dissenters (Protestants who differed with Church of England) one group Puritans sough to "purify" the church of Catholic practices.
100
Britain's constitutional government's power is defined and limited by law. What three new political institutions arose?
What is Political parties, the Cabinet, and Office of Prime Minister...political parties are Tories (aristocrats and old traditions) and Whigs (backed Glorious Revolution policies), Cabinet (parliament advisors that set policy), the Prime Minister (head of the cabinet, leader of House of Commons, chief official of British government)
100
What do you know about Peter the Great?
What is tsar that was strong enough to gain absolute power, he learned the western ways and brought to Russia technical experts/teachers /soldiers and embarked on westernizing Russia. Change was hard so Peter became an autocratic ruler meaning he rules with unlimited authority. Forced the landowners (boyars) to serve the state in military or civilian positions. Forced them to shave their beards and wear western clothing. Ended the practice of secluding women and held grand parties with dancing. Passed laws where Nobles controlled their lands and serfs. Strengthened serfdom. Using force he pushed through social and economic reforms. He had no mercy and executed anyone who opposed him. Left rotten corpse outside palace walls as an example of his power.
200
Why did the Spanish economy decline in the 1600's?
What is Inflation, high taxes, weak rulers, war with the Turks and England, Expulsion of Muslims and Jews, Neglected farming and commerce (food and trade)
200
To solidify his power, Louis progressively weakened the French nobility how?
What is He made several moves to limit the power of the nobility, He did not allow aristocrats to hold the highest state offices, He sold aristocrats titles (peerages) to those willing to pay resulting in non-aristocrats joining, He selected capable middle-class men as advisers, Jean Baptiste Colbert who eliminated bureaucratic waste and inefficiency not by raising taxes
200
Tell me what you know about Charles I
What is inherited throne in 1625, absolute monarch, imprisoned his foes without trial and squeezed nation for money, needed to raise taxes had to summon Parliament to vote for this. Forced to sign Petition of Right which prohibited King from raising taxes without Parliament consent and from jailing anyone without legal justification, on and off struggle between Charles I and Parliament which led to England Civil War (challenge to absolutism)
200
What happened in the Thirty Years War (series of wars)?
What is War between the Catholics and Protestants began in Czech Republic and spread. The fighting took a terrible toll, mercenaries (soldiers for hire) burned villages, destroyed crops, and killed without mercy. There was famine and disease led to depopulation (reduction in population)
200
How did Peter the Great expand Russian's borders?
What is Rebuilt Russia's military power, army and navy modeling European military and seized territory from Sweden. Created new capital city called St Petersburg. Legacy left was expanded land to make Russia the largest country in the world, had a mighty army and ended Russians isolation. Peter died without an heir or naming a successor. Created a power struggle until Catherine the Great.
300
Tell me what you know about Elizabeth I
What is ruled England from 1558-1603, Protestant, never married because she didn't want to share power with a husband, spent money to build a strong navy to protect country and trade, gave aid to France and Netherlands so Spain wouldn't take them over, gave the OK for English (Seadogs/Francis Drake) to loot Spanish ships
300
Tell me what you know about the Palace of Versailles
What is Louis path to glory, made of gold and marble, 47 years to build, made to dazzle and impress everyone, elaborate mosaics, impeccable landscaping, hundreds od trees and flowerbeds, draw backs were chimneys smoked too much, too little heat, in cold weather liquids froze, tiny sized rooms, grounds smelled because of privies (toilets), meals always served cold because the kitchens were far from dining hall
300
Who are the Cavaliers and Roundheads
What is Cavaliers are the supporters of Charles I, wealthy noblemen, trained in dueling and warfare, men had long hair Roundheads are country gentry, town-dwelling manufacturers Puritan clergy, men had short hair, Oliver Cromwell is leader, supported Parliament, won the battles against Cavaliers, tried and executed King Charles I by his own people for being a "traitor, tyrant, murderer, and public enemy"
300
Finally the combatants accepted a series of treaties called "Peace of Westphalia" where both sides aspired to bring about general peace. What happened
What is France gained lands, Hapsburgs had to accept the almost total independent states. War left German lands divided that were hard to unite. Kept the title "Holy Roman Emperor" and tried to unite the diverse population/cultures. They never developed a centralized government.
300
Who is Catherine the Great
What is She reorganized government, codified laws and creates state sponsored education for boys and girls, embraced western ideas, ruthless absolute monarch, favored the nobles with serfdom resulting in harsher conditions for the peasants, she repressed them.
400
Tell me what you know about Philip II
What is ruled Spain 1556-1598, Catholic, absolute monarch who believed in divine right, patron of the arts (gold and silver from the Americas), religious war against Muslims and Protestants, Son of Charles V, in his 42 year reign of Spain he strengthened the Catholic Church and made his own power absolute
400
How did the Nobility spend their time at Versailles?
What is hunted morning to afternoon, then changed into full court dress, gambled until seven, went to the theater to see a play, then had supper followed by dancing until 3AM, everything was luxurious, but too much spending draining France's wealth, got into war which created bankruptcy
400
What happened after the execution of Charles I?
What is House of Commons abolished the monarchy and established the Church of England, declared England as a commonwealth and Oliver Cromwell was the leader. Puritans ways observed, Parliament made laws to observe Sunday for religious freedom, marriage for love vs business interests, morality, equality, government and education.
400
What happened in the War of Austrian Succession
What is Charles I had no male heir so he and his daughter Maria Theresa pledged to have her succeed him (no women had ever ruled any lands) After Charles I death, Frederick II of Prussia seized Silesia starting the eight year "War of the Austrian Succession". Maria Theresa appealed for military help to preserve her empire. She reorganized the bureaucracy, improved the tax collection, forced nobles and clergy to pay taxes and eased the burden of taxes and labor on the peasants. Austria is a catholic state
400
How did Catherine the Great expand Russian borders?
What is waged war against Turks and Poland. Since Prussia and Austria also wanted Poland the three monarchs agreed to "partition" (divide up lands) so all three countries expanded.
500
What were Phillip II's motivations for waging war against England?
What is He was angered by English seamen robbing Spanish ships, especially Francis Drake who Elizabeth knighted, Philip was a devote Catholic and opposed Elizabeth (Protestant) both on religious and political grounds, upset Elizabeth was helping the Netherlands to free themselves from Spanish rule.
500
What is Louis XIV Legacy?
What is He selected advisors (Colbert), who created mercantilism: 2 basic concepts, first at all times a nation should be self-sufficient, meaning to produce everything it needs to survive, second balance of trade, to prosper it must sell more to foreign powers that it purchases from them (states exports must always exceed its imports). Colbert established a tariff which is a payment made by a foreign importer to the government. Encouraged immigration of skilled artisans, craftsmen, manufacturers to teach French people how to make products so they didn't have to import such goods. Louis polices were not always popular, he was heavy-handed and restrictive, taxes were high and bulk of burden fell on pheasants 80-90%, Nobility did not have to pay taxes. Louis created the 4 Gallican Articles which limited the power of the Pope over the French Church. Persecuted the French Protestants Huguenots by imprisonment, torture, and executions to control them.
500
What is the Glorious Revolution?
What is Cromwell died, Charles II became ruler, was popular but believed in absolute monarchy, but then his brother James II inherited throne. He practiced Catholic faith, appointed Catholics to high offices. Created fear among people so they invited James II daughter Mary (who was protestant) & her husband to be crowned. In order to be crowned, they had to accept the acts known as the "English Bill of Rights" ensured Parliament superiority, House of Commons had power and control of monies, trial by jury, abolished excessive fines, cruel or unjust punishment, principle of "habeas corpus" (must be charged with a crime before going to prison), created type of government called "limited monarchy" (limited Kings power)
500
Who lead the Prussia state (Protestant power)
What is Frederick William I, cleverly gained loyalty of nobles by giving them positions in the army and government, placed great emphasis on military values, trained his son to take over, Frederick II but he preferred to play the flute and write poetry. His father put him in solitary confinement and forced him to watch his friend be beheaded. This harsh military training had an effect. Frederick II used his armies to prove Prussia as a great power. Resulting in rivalry of great powers. Treaty of Paris ended these wars and gave Britain a huge empire
500
What did both Peter the Great and Catherine the Great both want for Russia?
What is Both wanted warm water ports in the Baltic Sea.