Motives for Exploration
What are expanding trade, expanding the gold supply, and expanding Christianity?
These are the three main reasons Renaissance Europeans desired to explore the world.
Likely originating in China, about 1700 years ago, this tool was used by Muslim travelers before Europeans used it to find their direction at sea.
The compass
This explorer died bitter and poor, still convinced that the Caribbean lands he found were actually part of Asia.
Christopher Columbus
This country was the first European nation to place a significant focus on exploring the seas.
Portugal
Many Renaissance Europeans were afraid to explore the ocean because they believed it was filled with these.
Sea monsters
This specific commodity became increasingly expensive for Europeans because fees were added at every step of the long journey.
Spices
This instrument, developed by Arab mathematicians and astronomers, used the North Star or Sun to calculate latitude.
The astrolabe.
While he was the first to lead a Portuguese expedition around the southern tip of Africa, his crew mutinied and forced him to turn back.
Bartolomeu Dias
What is expansionism?
This is the term for the actions and attitudes of a country whose goal is to expand its power and territory.
Explorers were able to take on dangerous tasks because they had confidence in this Renaissance concept.
"Potential" of human beings.
What was the name of the huge trading hub that served as a key link for trade between the East and Europe
Constantinople
Developed in England in 1594, this tool was an improvement on the Cross-staff used to measure the Sun's altitude.
The backstaff
He successfully sailed around Africa to India and returned to Portugal with a cargo of valuable spices.
Vasco da Gama
Portugal established these on islands in the Pacific, using slaves brought from Africa for labor.
Plantations
This term describes the feat achieved by Magellan’s voyage when they traveled completely around the globe.
Circumnavigation
European mines were running out of these two precious metals, leading to a shortage of coins for their economy.
Gold and silver
This European monarch established a center at Sagres so that knowledge of navigation and exploration could be shared.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Though he was killed in a local war in the Philippines, his ship was the first to successfully travel completely around the globe.
Ferdinand Magellan
The Portuguese won this 1509 sea battle against Arab merchants primarily because of their superior cannon technology.
Battle of Diu
This geographical landmark at the southern tip of Africa was a key hurdle for Portuguese explorers trying to reach the East.
Cape of Good Hope
Prince Henry sought this mythical kingdom, rumored to be located beyond Muslim lands, to help convert Africans and fight against Muslims.
The kingdom of Prester John?
Before new technologies were exchanged, European knowledge of the world was limited and filled with misinformation from travel writers like this man.
Marco Polo
He was given the titles of Admiral, Viceroy, and Governor General over any "islands and mainlands" he acquired for Spain.
Cristobal Colon (Christopher Columbus)
This 1492 agreement between the Spanish Monarchs and Columbus gave him the right to keep this percentage of all "merchandise, pearls, and precious stones" he obtained.
One-tenth (the tenth part)
In their 1492 agreement, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand declared their power over the oceans using this term.
Sovereignty.