Jacksonian Democracy
What is suffrage?
The right to vote.
Who led efforts to improve conditions for the mentally ill?
Dorothea Dix.
What message did the Second Great Awakening teach?
Salvation through personal faith and moral effort.
What is abolitionism?
The belief in the immediate end of slavery.
Why did millions of Irish immigrants come to the U.S. between 1815–1860?
The potato famine.
What was the spoils system?
Giving government jobs to political supporters.
What was the main goal of the temperance movement?
Reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption.
Which utopian group practiced celibacy and communal living?
The Shakers.
Who founded The Liberator?
William Lloyd Garrison.
What is nativism?
Hostility toward immigrants.
What major conflict led South Carolina to threaten secession?
The Nullification Crisis.
What did penitentiaries attempt to promote in prisoners?
Penitence and rehabilitation.
What was the goal of utopian communities like Brook Farm?
To create ideal, cooperative societies away from corruption.
Why was abolition initially unpopular in the North?
Fear of war and increased job competition from freed African Americans.
What was one major contribution immigrants made to U.S. society?
Providing labor for factories and industries.
What resulted from Jackson’s Indian Removal policy?
The Trail of Tears.
Which reformer believed public education was vital for democracy?
Horace Mann.
What did Romanticism emphasize?
Emotion, nature, spirituality, and individuality.
What method for ending slavery involved a slow, phased approach?
Gradualism.
Why did German immigrants often settle in farming regions?
Many had farming backgrounds and sought land.
Why did Jackson oppose the Second Bank of the United States?
He believed it was an unconstitutional monopoly favoring the wealthy elite.
Why did women become heavily involved in 19th-century reform movements?
Reform allowed them to influence society and step beyond traditional roles.
What core belief defined Transcendentalism?
Truth is found through intuition and conscience, not logic alone.
What major event is considered the start of the women’s rights movement?
The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848.
What social fear caused the rise of nativist movements?
Fear that Catholic immigrants threatened American culture.