'Conflict Model' & 'System & Function'
What is the primary assumption of the Conflict Model regarding the criminal justice system?
The criminal justice system is made up of agencies with different and often conflicting goals.
What are some potential punishments a judge might impose during sentencing?
Jail time, fines, or community supervision.
What are some examples of physical evidence collected during a crime investigation?
Fingerprints, photos, and weapons.
What typically occurs during the first appearance after an arrest?
A judge explains the charges, informs the person of their rights, and may set bail.
What is adjudication?
The legal process of settling a dispute or resolving a case.
What does the System Model emphasize regarding the different components of the criminal justice system?
The importance of coordination and cooperation between different agencies.
What is one key factor emphasized in modern prisons, according to the text?
Security
In what situation might an arrest be made without a warrant?
If the crime happened in the officer's presence.
What is the purpose of a preliminary hearing?
To decide if there's enough evidence to continue the case.
What right does the Sixth Amendment provide to criminal defendants?
The right to a speedy and public trial.
According to the Conflict Model, what can differing interests within the criminal justice system lead to?
Clashes and inconsistencies in how the system operates.
What happens during the "corrections" phase after sentencing?
Sorting and placing people in prisons.
What are police allowed to do if a suspect resists arrest?
Use reasonable force to make the arrest.
What role does a grand jury play in some states?
To review evidence and approve charges.
According to the text, what percentage of criminal cases end in plea bargains?
82%.
What is the main goal of the System Model concerning the operation of the criminal justice system?
To achieve fair and effective outcomes through a streamlined process.
What role does a judge play in the sentencing phase?
Deciding the punishment for the crime.
When are Miranda rights read to a suspect?
Before questioning the suspect
What happens during an arraignment?
The person hears formal charges, is reminded of their rights, and enters a plea.
What aspects of trials are regulated by court procedures?
Evidence, legal representatives, and jury instructions.
What is a key concern highlighted by the Conflict Model regarding potential inequalities within the criminal justice system?
The possibility of unequal treatment and discrimination due to power imbalances and biases.
What options does a person have after sentencing if they believe there was a legal error?
An appeal
What Supreme Court case established the requirement to inform suspects of their rights before custodial interrogation?
Miranda v. Arizona (1966).
What are the possible pleas that a person can enter during arraignment?
Guilty, not guilty, or no contest.
When do bench trials typically occur?
For minor offenses, if defendants give up a jury trial.