Presidential Power
This modern presidential strategy involves appealing directly to the public to pressure Congress.
What is "going public"?
This model of representation holds that elected officials should follow the preferences of their constituents.
What is the "delegate model?"
This landmark 1803 case established judicial review.
This theory argues that individuals derive part of their identity from group memberships, including political parties
This model explains participation using resources, engagement, and recruitment.
What is the Civic Voluntarism Model?
This constitutional power allows the president to forgive federal crimes.
What is the "pardon power"?
When representatives share demographic traits with the people they represent, this form of representation is present.
What is "descriptive representation"?
This constitutional article establishes the federal judiciary.
What is Article III?
When citizens rely on mental shortcuts instead of detailed information, they are using these.
What are heuristics?
This puzzle asks why people vote even though the probability of influencing an election is extremely small.
What is the paradox of voting?
Neustadt argued that presidential power lies in the ability of presidents to.....
What is "persuade/bargain/leverage"?
When elected officials advocate for policies that benefit a group, even if they are not members of that group.
What is "substantive representation"?
This interpretative philosophy argues that judges should interpret the Constitution as an evolving document.
What is the "Living Constitution" philosophy?
This communication effect occurs when the media or other institutions influence what issues people think are important.
What is agenda setting?
Robert Putnam used this term to describe networks of trust and civic engagement in society.
What is social capital?
According to Skowronek, presidents who repudiate an old regime and build a new governing coalition fall into this category.
What is a "reconstructive president"?
These occur when certain groups (such as women or racial minorities) are underrepresented in political institutions relative to their share of the population.
What are "representational gaps/discrepancies"? I'd also accept "gap in descriptive representation."
This term describes the principle that courts should follow precedent.
What is stare decisis?
Philip Converse used this term to describe the idea that most citizens do not hold consistent ideological belief systems.
What is ideological constraint (or lack thereof)?
This famous equation represents the rational choice model of voting.
What is V=pB + D > C
This concept refers to the historical relationship between a president and the dominant political regime.
What is "political time"?
This model of representation argues that elected officials should use their own judgment rather than strictly follow constituent preferences.
What is the "trustee model"?
Alexander Hamilton described the judiciary using this famous phrase in Federalist 78.
What is the "least dangerous branch"?
In Zaller’s model, citizens form opinions by receiving messages, accepting them, and then doing this when answering survey questions.
What is sampling?
This model of agenda setting suggests that political issues can originate outside political elites, with mass attitudes, experiences, or movements forcing issues onto the agenda.
What is the Bottom-Up or "Mass Driven" model?