Basics of ANCOVA
In this design, ANCOVA can be used to statistically control for differences in one or more variables.
What is a non-or quasi-experimental design?
When using multiple covariates in ANCOVA, these relationships should be minimized to avoid multicollinearity.
What are low correlations among covariates?
This assumption states that the relationship between a covariate and the dependent variable must be consistent across all groups.
What is homogeneity of regression slopes?
This is a statistical technique that combines ANOVA and regression to control for covariates.
What is ANCOVA?
ANCOVA can be used in this type of design in order to control for initial levels of some continuous variables.
( ex: pretest scores on the DV)
What is an experimental design?
This characteristic of covariates is crucial to ensure accurate results in ANCOVA, particularly when adjusting the dependent variable.
What is reliability of measurement?
This is the assumption that covariates should not be related to the independent variable.
What is independence of the covariates?
This is a variable that is not the primary focus of a study but is controlled for because it influences the dependent variable.
What is a covariate?
This variable is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
What is the independent variable?
This problem occurs when two or more variables are highly correlated, making it difficult to assess their individual effects.
What is multicollinearity?
This assumption means that the variances of each group are equal.
What is homogeneity of variance?
This type of interpretation involves a significance test and an effect size (ES).
What is macro-level interpretation?
The outcome measured in a study, which may be influenced by both the independent variable and covariates.
What is the dependent variable?
This term refers to "how things vary together" and is central in ANCOVA.
What is covariance?
This is the assumption in ANCOVA that the relationship between a covariate and the dependent variable is of this specific type.
What is a linear relationship?
This refers to the detailed, individual-level interpretation of how the independent variable affects the dependent variable after adjusting for the covariate in ANCOVA.
What is a micro-level interpretation?
This is a statistic that is used to examine shared variance between DV and IV.
What is Eta-squared (η²) ?
This statistical test is often used to check whether the inclusion of a covariate significantly improves the model fit in ANCOVA.
What is an F-test?
This assumption checks that the covariate does not interact with the independent variable, ensuring the covariate’s effect is the same across all levels of the independent variable.
What is no interaction between the covariate and the independent variable?
This type of statistics should always be conducted to examine means and standard deviation across groups.
What is descriptive statistics?