Democritus
How long did the denial of atoms last after they were discovered by Democritus?
What is 2000 years.
When did Dalton live?
What is 1766-1844.
When was Thomson‘s discovery
What is April 30, 1897.
If the atom was not longer described as a blueberry muffin, then how was it described?
What is Rutherford described the atoms as a miniature solar system, known as the nuclear model. It had a tiny dense nucleus at the center. The nucleus was also positively charged and had most of the atoms mass. That’s how small the electrons were, and we also know that an atom is mostly empty space.
What other scientists contributed to Bohr’s model?
Max Planck
When was the similar theory of atoms created?
What is 19th and 20th centur.
What was Dalton’s model of the atom called?
What is famously known as Dalton’s Atomic Theory, though, it is often referred to as the “solid sphere method” or “the billiard ball model”.
What else can a cathode ray tube be used for?
What is up until the 21st century things like TV’s and computer monitors used a cathode ray tube (note: I’ve always wondered how those worked. So, it uses the cathode ray tube to “filter” electrons and bend them with a magnetic really fast to create an image). These examples and others use three electron guns, each using aether red, green, or blue. These colours cover the screen in a repeating pattern. They mix to creat any colour image (because red, green and blue are primary colours that can create many different colours).
What was the experiment that Rutherford ran to come up with his theory?
What is the gold foil experiment.
What was Max Planck’s contribution to Bohr’s model?
What is a scientist that contributed to Bohr’s model was Max Planck. Max Planck suggested the new idea of quanta into the model. This was suggested to electrons would be in the atom at a set level of energy. Quanta is small, minimal units of energy. It’s like a packet of energy. They are electrons that can absorb or produce energy. It makes the atom a fixed distance from the nucleus. Which means it keeps a certain distance away from the nucleus. This was created because the original problem with Rutherfords model is that the electrons surrounding the nucleus should lose energy in till they spin down into the center, causing it to collapse the atom.
What was the problem with the way Democritus gave his theory?
What is he used reason and logic to back up his theory, instead of using evidence to prove his theory.
What is the difference between Democritus work and Daltons work?
What is Democritus used reason and logic meanwhile Dalton did experiments and collected evidence even though he still couldn’t explain his findings. Dalton also came up with the atomic theory.
What did Thomson use in his experiment to find his discovery and how does it work?
What is Thomson uses a cathode ray tube. The use of a cathode ray tube is to find the charge to mass ratio of negative particles. A cathode ray tube basically shoots electrons through it to create a picture. It’s a way to visualize patterns and electrical signals. The negative charge to mass ratio is like the pull or push the electrons have (electrons are a negative charge) and how much mass they have (which is little because electrons are really light). Another way to go about it is that it shoots a beam of electrons through the tube. This is known as the cathode ray. It can also be known as a vacuum tube. It is considered a vacuum because it lets the electrons to move freely without the glass molecules interfering and because most of the air is removed from said object. The electrons are passed through a cathode into an anode which turns the electrons into a small/thin beam. Then it passes through a screen that is covered in a fluorescent substance (glowing substance). Because this beam has a negative charge (because of the electrons) it can be influenced or controlled by a magnet, which are used to bend the beam. When this is done fast enough an picture can appear. The cathode ray tube was used to see patterns in electrical signals.
How was the gold foil experiment that Rutherford ran?
What is in Rutherford experiment he put a small, thin stream of high speed, positively charged particles called alpha particles through a thing gold sheet. Alpha particles are heavy, positively charged particles that are made up of two protons and two neutrons. The alpha particles were like tiny bullets. They were like tiny bullets because they were really fast moving and positively charged. They also gained a lot of space really fast. In the exparement Rutherford wanted to see what would happen when the alpha particles touched the gold atoms. He sourced the gold foil with with a detector screen. A detector screen is like a thing that is put at the end of an experement that reads and records the position and patterns of particles or waves. Think of it like an X-ray or a backdrop that records evidence during an experiment. It’s like a measuring tool, that when the particle hits it, it leaves a mark. So, the alpha particle would leave a mark every time it hit the screen.
When running the test most of the particles went through the gold sheet without a problem. But some of them rebounded off the sheet. Like a ball bouncing off a wall. Or like the game wall ball. This is when Rutherford discovered the nucleus.
What did Bohr help us understand about the atom?
What is Bohr released when experimenting with the atom that electrons can jump to different distances from the nucleus. But they don’t gradually move away from the nucleus when they gain energy. They disappear and reappear. When they electron disappear and reappear when gaining energy, they admit light, and depending on the quantity of electrons they admit in different places. Electrons can’t move in between the spaces, that’s what he ment when he talked about how they can only move in certain place, not in between. It was referenced like a latter, your foot can rest on the rungs of the latter but not in between. Electrons when jumping will not say far away from the nucleus, they gradually lose energy casing them to gradually drop. He also stats that the bigger the atom is the farther the electrons can live.
Which philosopher didn’t believe in his theory of atoms?
What is Airsotle.
What are the four main parts to Dalton’s atomic theory?
What is all matter is made up of extremely small particles called atoms. Atoms cannot be created destroyed or divided. All atoms of the same element are identical size mass and chemical properties. Atoms of a specific element are different from those of another element. Different atoms combined in simple whole number ratios to form compounds. This means that you can’t have 2 and a half of an atoms. In chemical reactions atoms are separated, combined or renegade.
What did Thomson discover?
What is he used a cathode ray tube to find the charge to mass ratio of negative particles. The negative charge to mass ratio is like the pull or push the electrons have (electrons are a negative charge) and how much mass they have (which is little because electrons are really light). We learned that the mass of a charged particle is a lot less then an atoms mass. With this information he came to the conclusion that there were particles smaller them atoms. With this we came to the conclusions that atoms are not indivisible. Atoms have smaller negatively charged particles inside them, called electrons.
He found that the mass of the change particles was much less than an atom of hydrogen. This meant that there were particles smaller than the atom.
Experimentation with the cathode ray tube concluded that the atoms are not indivisible but composed of smaller negatively charged subatomic particles.
The particles are negative because negative and positive attracts each other. Negative and negative push each other away.
He called the particals of elections “corpuscles”.
What was Rutherfords main disco about the atom?
What is Rutherford discovered that atoms contain a nucleus. It is small, dense and positively charged. According to Rutherford nearly all the mass of the atoms directed in the nucleus. Which means that 99.9% of the mass of the atoms comes from the protons and neutrons (in 1920) (his coworker James Chadwick found neutrons). Protons are like positively charged, smaller than atom, particles. That are inside the atomic nucleus. Neutrons are also inside the atomic nucleus and have no charge. These two particles together are like a bunch of small balls that come together to form a bigger ball in the center. This is called the atomic nucleus, which is bound together by a nuclear force. The nucleus was very small compared to the volume of the surrounding electrons. For the most part the volume of the atom was empty space.
What experiment did Bohr run and what did he learn from it?
What is Bohr analyzed the results of the experiment on the light release by various gases. The gas had been made to glow by passing an electric current through a low-pressure sample contained inside a glass tube. Each gas produced a some sort of light as a result, called a line spectrum. The colour or wavelength of light is related to its energy. Bohr knew that the light emitted by the gases was a result of high-energy electrons releasing energy. Bohr learned that when the electrons disappear and reappear, they jump to different places. When they do this, they admit light. They can jump to any level where there’s room.
What did Democritus claim atoms were?
What is he claimed they were tiny particles that couldn’t be split nor divided. They make up everythiny. Which means that they could not be created nor destroyed.
What are problems with Dalton’s Atomic Theory today?
What is there were a few problems with Dalton’s theory. The first problem was his theory that atoms can’t be divided, created, or destroyed, because atoms can be divided. We later learned about neutrons, electrons, and protons. Neutrons, electrons, and protons are like even smaller particles. They are inside the central nucleus. They help create mass and decides how itself as an atoms and other atoms intones with each other. The reason this creates them to be divisible is because a big nucleus can be broken down into a smaller nucleus and even though atoms are a basic unit of matter, they can be broken down into their fundamental components which is quarks and leptons (which cannot be divided). Another part of Dalton's theory that was incorrect is that all atoms in the same element have the same mass. This is untrue, for example, Carbon-12 is different from Carbon-14. The third problem with Dalton's theory is that all atoms are combined using whole number ratios. This doesn’t apply to all atoms. He also couldn’t explain his evidence.
What was the concept around the plum pudding theory?
What is Thomson describes it as the “plum pudding” method or the blueberry muffin. The idea is that there is a big positive charged ball that represents the cake or main part of the muffin. Then the negatively charged electrons represent the blueberry parts of the muffin. When these electrons are put together in the matter with a positive charge, they are evenly spread out, because negatives are attracted to positives and negatives are not attracted to other negatives, like a magnet. This creates a perfectly even “blueberry muffin”.
What did this change about Thomson’s plum pudding theory?
What is it changed in the sense that there weren’t just floating electrons that resembled the blueberry’s in the muffin, there what the nucleus, that made up most of the mass of the atom, that changed the theory to make it so it no longer resembled a blueberry muffin. And that it also no longer resembled a muffin in the sense that in Thomson’s theory there was a charged space in between the electrons but in Rutherfords model the atom was mostly made up of empty space. The negatively charged electrons also rotated around the positively nucleus, more like planets around the sun.
He later discovered light elements called alpha particles which he called protons. Rutherford discovered the existence of a neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus to balance the repulsive positive forces of protons and account for the remaining atomic mass.
Rutherford used evidence to support his clam when he successfully achieved the first artificially induced transmutation, converting nitrogen into oxygen by bombarding it with alpha particles
What was the difference between Rutherfords and Bohr’s model?
What is the major change that Bohr made is that he introduced the quantized electron orbit. In Rutherfords model the electrons orbited the nucleus. Where is in Bohr’s model the electrons could only move in a certain way in a circular orbit around the nucleus, rather than random paths. The electrons also cannot come within a certain distance to the nucleus, and this distance is set. Think of it like rungs on a latter, you can put your foot on the rung but not in between. This solves the problem of the electrons losing energy and spiraling out, collapsing the atom. The quantized electron orbit is like how the earth orbits the sun. The earth can’t take random paths to orbit the sun and can only come within a certain, set distance of the sun. As well as it orbits in a circular motion. Another difference is that he discovered that we could give electrons energy but eventually the energy will drop and go back to its original place. They disappear and reappear when they jump to different places. When they do this, they admit light. They can jump to any level where there’s room.