Omens
What is an omen?
- A prediction
-A sign from god
-A sign of the times
What was the ambitions of Cortes?
Three G's-God, Glory, and Gold
Name at least 2 things the Aztecs did to the Spanish during the first meeting?
- Worshipped him
-Gave him a palace
-Gave him a personal tour
Who was Cortes's interpreter?
La Malinche/ Donna Maria
What disease did many Aztec succumb to?
-Small pox
The Aztecs feared the world would come to an end if what was lost?
Balance
What were at least 3 ambitions of the Aztec?
-expand their empire
-worship their gods
-Sacrifice captives as human sacrifices
How did Cortes respond to the treatment of Montezuma?- 2 things
1. He held Montezuma hostage in the palace Montezuma gave him
2. He took down their idols and replaced them with statues of Roman Catholic Saints
Who did Cortes leave in charge when he left to avoid being arrested?
Pedro de Alavardo
How did Moctezuma die?
He was stoned to death and jeered
What three things were the Aztec looking for that were indicators that Quetzacoatl was returning?
-A pale, bearded man, who came on the same calendar year that was predicted
Why did the governor of Spain send men to arrest Cortes?
He disobeyed the Governor and went of an unathorized expedition.
What happened during the Massacre?
-Pedro de Alvarado when left in charge killed many Aztecs when the were at a festival and Aztec responded by attacking forcing the Spanish to retreat
How did Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand expect Indigenous people to be treated?- 3 things
-couldn't be used as pack animals
-Children under 14, and pregnant women could not do heavy work in the mines
-Spanish masters could not beat, whip, or call any Indigenous person dog
What is at least 4 things the Spanish had that the Aztec did not?
-Guns, and cannons
-horses
-Knowledge of different cultures
-One god
What were 4 of the Omens described in the textbook?
1. Flaming ear of corn
2. Temple burst into flames
3. Temple struck by lightning
4. Fire in the sky
5. water boils and floods
6. Weeping women
7. Strange creature- bird with mirror
8. Monstrous two headed creature
What 3 gifts did Moctezuma send with his emissaries to see if Cortes was Quetzacoatl?
1. Jewels and fine featherwork
2. Clothing of the god Quetzacoatl
3. Food with human blood
What happened during the Noche Triste?
- The Spanish try to escape with lots of gold
-get discovered and instead of leaving the gold and retreating many die with their gold
What did Father Bartolome de Las Casas do?- 2 main things
-defended Indigenous people and worked to improve their working conditions
-pushed Spain to create laws to abolish Indigenous slavery
What were the Aztec expected to do to adapt to a new society? 3 things
-learned to book keep, and business to become merchants
-documented their history
-many Aztec women were taken as wives of Spanish conquistadors, resulting in mestizos (people of mixed blood-Spanish and Aztec)
Name 4 things Cortes did when he realized he was outnumbered by the Aztecs?
1. got to know the land and people
2. Killed nobles in front of people
3. Showed off their weaponry
4. gathered allies who also disliked the Aztec
What happened during the final battle? Name at least 3 things.
-Cortes waits 5 months and then gathers allies and attacks
-The Aztec had lost all their allies and many had died from disease
-Cortes blocked causeways, canals and aquaducts leading to the Aztec dying from starvation and dehydration
-Spanish destroyed the city-tore down temples-set houses on fire
-Cortes becomes governor and captain general of New Spain