Historical Context
The Baroque movement emerged in the ___ to ___ century.
17th - 18th
What is the name of the Palace in France that best exemplifies the Baroque period?
The Palace of Versailles.
True or False: The clavichord was used as accompaniment for religious music
FALSE!
It was used as accompaniment for PROFANE music!
A famous collection of 4 concerts for violin and orchestra composed by Vivaldi.
The Four Seasons.
Why is the Baroque period important to YOU as a student from Pozuelo?
There are examples of Baroque art all over Madrid! Learning about this period helps you understand the history of where you are from.
What kind of governmental structure was common during the Baroque period?
Absolute Monarchies
What is horror vacui?
a fear or dislike of leaving empty spaces, especially in an artistic composition; very common in Baroque art and architecture.
What is the name of a keyboard instrument with horizontal strings which run perpendicular to the keyboard used in the Baroque?
A harpsichord?
True or False: "The Messiah. Hallelujah" is an example of a cantata.
False! It is an oratorio (a religious composition for choir (coro), orchestra, and soloists).
Define the word "exuberant"
Full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness
In what country did the Baroque artistic movement begin?
Italy!
Who is one of the most famous Spanish Baroque painters?
Diego Velázquez!
What is this style?
A kind of vocal, polyphonic music used in religious settings to describe the “Passion of Christ.” Often played during Holy Week.
Passion Music
“Toccata and fuge in D minor” was written by which German, baroque composer?
Johan Sebastian Bach (we watched in class).
Where does the word "Baroque" come from? Which language? What does it mean?
Some scholars believe the term comes from the Portuguese word “barroco” which means “a flawed pearl”
Who was the king of France during the Baroque era that personified the absolute monarchy? What is his famous line?
Louis XIV. "I am the state!"
What is tenebrism?
a style of painting developed by Caravaggio and other 17th-century Spanish and Italian artists, characterized by predominantly dark tones and shadows with dramatically contrasting effects of light.
Define Opera Buffa
Informal, comical opera that depicted daily life scenes
In what other country did Haendel live other than Germany?
England!
What is a castrati?
a male singer castrated in boyhood so as to retain a soprano or alto voice. The practice of castration was banned in 1903.
What was the Counter-Reformation and why is it important in the context of the Baroque?
Also sometimes called the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to, and as an alternative to, the Protestant Reformations at the time.
The Baroque was a reaction to the simplicity & austerity of Protestant art
How was Baroque art different than Renaissance art?
Breaks away from artistic “control” and carefully balanced proportions that define Renaissance art.
In what setting is suite music used?
at dances!
The oratorio that is the anthem of the Champions League and used in English coronation ceremonies. Give the name of the composition and the composer.
George Haendel. "Zadock the Priest"
What is a Mecenas and why were they important in the Baroque?
Musicians were at the service of Patrons or “Mecenas”.
Mecenas were rich, powerful people, aristocrats, kings, bishops etc. They showed their power by keeping musicians, painters, etc.
Musicians were considered their servants who they ordered to compose pieces.