European Relations
Whose death sparked World War I?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Describe trench warfare. What is the area between the trenches called?
Soldiers dug trenches for protection. Most battles resulted in stalemate, with many deaths and small land gains.
The area between the trenches is called "no man's land".
What were the goals behind President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points?
He wanted to create an outline for lasting world peace.
Define total war.
When nations devote all of their resources and their people to the war effort.
What was the name of the British passenger liner that was sunk by the Germans, killing almost 1,200 people?
The Lusitania.
How did the system of European alliances in the early 1900s affect World Wari I?
Which global power created the Schlieffen Plan? What was the purpose of this plan?
The Schlieffen Plan was a Germany military strategy to avoid a two-front war. The plan was to beat France first, and then take on Russia.
What were the goals of Great Britain and France during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919?
They wanted to punish Germany and keep it from re-building its military.
Define rationing.
In the genocide of 1915, the Young Turks of the Ottoman Empire targeted which group of people?
The Armenian Christians.
What was the nickname for the Balkans? Why was it labeled as such?
Where was the Western Front located? Where was the Eastern Front located?
The Western Front was the site of major fighting between the borders of Belgium and France.
The Eastern Front was the site of major fighting between the borders of Germany and Russia.
What is Article 231? What does it say?
Article 231 is also known as the "war guilt" clause, which says that Germany has to take responsibility for World War I and pay reparations.
Define unrestricted submarine warfare.
When German U-boats (submarines) torpedoed Allied ships without warning.
What was the biggest contribution that overseas colonies provided to the Allied effort during World War I?
They provided a large amount of soldiers to reinforce the Allied troops.
Which countries made up the Central Powers? Which countries made up the Allied Powers? You must name all of them.
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.
Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, Russia, Japan, Italy, and the United States.
What was the main reason behind the Gallipoli Campaign?
The Allies wanted to gain control of the Dardanelles Strait/Gallipoli Peninsula and open a supply line to Russia.
Name all of the leaders of the "Big Four" and the nations they represented.
United States: Woodrow Wilson
Great Britain: David Lloyd George
France: Georges Clemenceau
Italy: Vittorio Orlando
What was the Zimmerman Telegram? Why was it significant? Be specific - who was it written by, who was it written to, what information did it contain?
It was written by Germany for Mexico, asking them to start a war with the United States. This was intercepted by Great Britain and angered the U.S., leading them to join World War I.
Why did Russia exit World War I?
A communist revolution was happening - civil unrest was a result of the Tsar's poor leadership and increasing starvation.
What were the two European alliances that were formed prior to World War I. Name all the powers involved on each side.
Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, and Russia.
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
Tanks: armored vehicles that could cross trenches and plow through barriers, protecting soldiers from machine gun fire and shrapnel.
Chemical weapons: gas attacks would burn opponents' eyes and lungs, causing them to chock and suffocate to death.
Machine guns: could fire 400-600 rounds per minute, dealing more damage to opponents.
Airplanes: used to gather information about enemy strategies and take pictures, fighter aircraft was developed later and could shoot down enemy planes.
Submarines: used to torpedo ships above water.
Telephones & radios: major source of military communication.
List all the new countries that were created as a result of the Treaty of Versailles.
Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.
Define M.A.I.N. and explain what each part means.
Militarism - glorifying the military and keeping a standing army.
Alliances - creation of alliances or partnerships between countries due to growing distrust.
Imperialism - competition over colonies.
Nationalism - intense pride or devotion to one's nation, further increasing competition.
When did World War I end? Be as specific as possible.
On the 11th hour, of November 11th.