Key Figures
This Cuban writer warned about U.S. imperialism and famously wrote that he had “lived inside the monster.”
José Martí
This 1823 doctrine warned European powers not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere.
Monroe Doctrine
This political organization sought to unite Latin America against U.S. imperialism.
APRA
This 1826 meeting attempted to unite newly independent Latin American countries.
Congress of Panama
This term describes a powerful country extending influence over weaker nations politically, economically, or militarily.
Imperialism
This South American leader promoted the dream of a united Latin America to resist foreign domination.
Simón Bolívar
This addition to the Monroe Doctrine justified U.S. intervention in Latin American countries to maintain stability.
Roosevelt Corollary
According to Haya de la Torre, Latin American countries needed this in order to resist foreign domination.
Political unity
In the 1920s, U.S. Marines occupied this Central American country where Sandino led resistance.
Nicaragua
Many Latin American writers feared the United States would dominate the region through this type of political and economic control.
Hegemony
This Peruvian political leader founded APRA and called for Latin American unity against U.S. imperialism.
Victor Haya de la Torre
This 1928 document argued that the Monroe Doctrine did not justify U.S. intervention in Latin America.
Clark Memorandum
APRA argued that these two economic sectors should be nationalized in Latin America.
Land and industry
This war between the United States and Mexico resulted in Mexico losing nearly half its territory.
Mexican-American War
This concept refers to a nation’s ability to govern itself without outside interference.
Sovereignty
This Nicaraguan revolutionary led guerrilla resistance against U.S. Marines in the 1920s.
Augusto Sandino
This U.S. strategy emphasized projecting power in the Caribbean and Central America during Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency.
Big Stick diplomacy
Many Latin American critics believed their ruling elites cooperated with foreign powers and belonged to this social group.
Landowners / oligarchies
The Spanish-American War in 1898 led the United States to intervene in this Caribbean island.
Cuba
Latin American intellectuals often believed this regional unity was necessary to resist foreign domination.
Pan-Latin American solidarity
This U.S. Secretary of State defended American intervention in Latin America in a speech at the 1928 Pan-American conference.
Charles Evans Hughes
This major canal project symbolized U.S. economic and strategic influence in Latin America.
Panama Canal
This broader movement sought solidarity among oppressed peoples and workers across Latin America.
Anti-imperialist movement / continental solidarity
The United States supported the independence of this country in order to build the Panama Canal.
Panama
According to the readings, what was the central tension shaping relations between the United States and Latin America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
U.S. expansion and intervention versus Latin American resistance and sovereignty