Carbohydrates
What is the preferred energy source for the brain and red blood cells?
Glucose
About what percentage of the lipids in foods and the human body are triglycerides?
95%
What element makes proteins unique compared to carbohydrates and fats?
Nitrogen
Name the storage form of carbohydrates in animals.
Glycogen
Lecithin is an emulsifier and an example of which type of lipid?
Phospholipid
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What are the two main types of fiber, and which one lowers blood cholesterol?
Soluble and insoluble; soluble lowers cholesterol
What lipoprotein is considered “bad” cholesterol, and why?
LDL – it delivers cholesterol to tissues and arteries
How many essential amino acids are there?
9
How many grams of carbohydrates does the brain require per day (RDA)?
130 g/day
Name two plant oils composed mostly of saturated fats.
Coconut oil and palm oil
What is the protein RDA for healthy adults?
0.8 g/kg of body weight
List the AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range) for carbohydrates.
45–65% of total calories
What two fatty acids are essential in the diet?
Linoleic acid (omega-6) and linolenic acid (omega-3)
Define “complementary proteins” and give one example.
Two incomplete proteins that together provide all essential AAs (e.g., beans + rice)