Political Ideologies
A system that characterizes and classifies different political ideologies in relation to one another is a Political ______________.
Spectrum
______________ was a system in which nobles owned land independently from the Ruler, in exchange for military allegiance. In turn, peasants lived off the nobles land, in exchange for labor and a share of their produce.
Feudalism
____________ is an economic system where countries obtain wealth by increasing levels of international trade, and by obtaining a favorable balance of trade (exporting more than they import).
Mercantilism
What was the title of Adam Smith's 1776 book which outlined the foundational principles of Capitalism?
The Wealth of Nations
Karl Marx believed that there would be clash between which two classes of society?
The Proletariat and the Bourgeoisie.
_______________ is a political theory advocating for a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Communism
Define Social Mobility
The ability to move up or down in a social hierarchy.
Colonization in the Americas allowed European states to mass produce three major goods. Name 2.
Cotton, Sugar, Tobacco
In a free market, the prices of goods and services are determined by __________________.
Supply and Demand
In relation to his own ideas about Communism, Marx referred to the organizational style of hunter-gatherer tribes as what?
"Primitive" Communism
_______________ a system based on the collective, public ownership and control of the resources used to make and distribute goods or provide services.
Socialism
In a Feudal society, what was the occupation of most of the peasant class?
Farmers
The need for labor made European states began what process?
The Transatlantic Slave Trade
The concept of ________________ states that when labor is specialized and concentrated, productivity increases.
The Division of Labor
In Marx's ideal Communist society, there is an absence of what?
Private Property
or
Social Hierarchy
An ethical belief that often determines one's political beliefs is whether they believe that Government should work for the betterment of ______________, or that Government should work for the betterment of _________________.
Society, Individuals
In the 15th century, Monarchs of Europe began enacting the Enclosure Movements. What did this do?
Took land that was publicly owned and gave it to Lords. Lords then began to charge rent to farmers who used to live on the land for free.
During the era Mercantilism, it was believed that the Earth's wealth was limited, and that the accumulation of wealth was a "Zero-Sum Game". What is a Zero-Sum Game?
a situation in which one person or group can win something only by causing another person or group to lose it.
The act of a supply of a good being purposely limited by the seller in order to increase demand is known as an ________________.
The tools needed to produce goods and services (raw materials, factories, machines, labor) are known as __________________.
The Means of Production
While the USSR and modern day China classify themselves as Communist, most economics classify those two countries as having what kind of economic system?
State-Capitalism
The Enclosure Movement leads to the peasant class doing what?
Move into cities. Urbanization.
What development allowed Capitalism to emerge as a replacement of Mercantilism?
Industrialization
The act of a seller being favored over others for reasons other than the price, quality and demand for their goods is known as __________________.
Economic Privelege
Name a system or institution in the United States society that is based off the socialist principle of public ownership
Social Welfare Programs (social security, medicaid), Public Transportation, Public Education