ORIGINS OF BLACK POWER
This 1965 assassination removed a prominent voice for Black self-determination and self-defense.
Who is Malcolm X?
This was the name of the founding document the Black Panther Party wrote in October 1966.
What is the Ten-Point Program?
This minister led the Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
Who is Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.?
Besides breakfast, the Panthers ran these types of free medical facilities.
What are health clinics?
This FBI Director called the Black Panther Party "the greatest threat to the internal security of the country" in 1969.
Who is J. Edgar Hoover?
Many Black veterans returned from serving in this war only to face continued segregation and discrimination at home, fueling frustration.
What is the Vietnam War (and World War 2. AND Korea).
These two men co-founded the Black Panther Party and wrote the Ten-Point Program.
Who are Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale?
This man, born Malcolm Little, became the most famous minister of the Nation of Islam.
Who is Malcolm X?
The Panthers tested for this blood disorder, which almost no hospitals screened for at the time.
What is sickle cell anemia?
Source A in the stations packet focused on this — weapons carried openly by Panther members — as evidence of danger.
What are the guns/armed patrols?
This term describes the frustration that grew when Black Americans saw civil rights laws pass on paper but conditions like poverty and segregation persist in practice.
What is the gap between legal rights and lived reality (de facto vs. de jure discrimination)?
The Ten-Point Program demanded an end to this, a major grievance against local law enforcement.
What is police brutality?
This Black Panther leader organized armed police patrols and later earned a doctorate degree.
Who is Huey P. Newton?
This California law, in effect until 1967, allowed the Panthers to legally carry loaded weapons in public.
What is the open carry law?
Source B pointed to this program, which fed thousands of kids before school, as evidence of the Panthers' community work.
What is the Free Breakfast for Children Program?
This phrase, popularized by Stokely Carmichael in 1966, called for Black political and economic self-determination rather than integration alone.
What is "Black Power"?
Besides jobs and housing, this area of civic life — involving arrests and courtrooms — was also addressed in the program.
What is fair trials (trial by a jury of one's peers)?
This Panther chairman was bound and gagged during the Chicago Eight trial and later ran for mayor of Oakland.
Who is Bobby Seale?
In 1973, Bobby Seale ran for this office in Oakland, signaling the party's shift toward electoral politics.
What is mayor?
This term describes when two sources use true facts but leave readers with opposite impressions.
What is bias/perspective (point of view)?
This slower pace of change through the courts and Congress, compared to the urgency felt in Black communities, led many younger activists to lose patience with nonviolent, incremental strategies.
What is the slow pace of civil rights reform?
This category best describes most of the demands: political, economic, or social issues.
What is all three?
This phrase describes the philosophy King borrowed from Gandhi, versus the phrase Malcolm X used to describe self-defense.
What are nonviolence and "by any means necessary"?
This is the approximate number of years the Black Panther Party existed, from 1966 to its decline in the early 1980s.
What is about sixteen years?
This 21-year-old Chicago Panther leader said, "You can kill a revolutionary, but you can't kill the revolution."
Who is Fred Hampton?