The Byzantine Empire
What city did Emperor Constantine rename as Constantinople?
Byzantium
What religion was central to Byzantine identity?
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Which two groups helped form early Russian culture?
Slavs and Vikings (Rus)
What region were the Vikings originally from?
Scandinavia
Who led the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus around 1240?
Batu Khan
Who was Russia’s first crowned czar?
Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)
What two continents did Constantinople connect through trade?
Europe and Asia
What are religious images used in Orthodox worship called?
Icons
What river connected Kiev to Constantinople for trade?
Dnieper River
What type of ship allowed Vikings to travel rivers and seas?
Longships
What was Mongol rule over Russia called?
The “Tatar Yoke”
What territories did Ivan IV expand into?
Siberia
What was Justinian’s major legal achievement?
The Justinian Code (Corpus Juris Civilis)
What was the Iconoclastic Controversy about?
Whether or not icons should be used in worship
Who founded the first major Russian dynasty?
Rurik
What did the Vikings bring to Eastern Europe besides trade?
Cultural exchange, technology, and governance
How did the Mongols control Russia without fully occupying it?
Local princes ruled if they paid tribute
What organization did Ivan IV create to punish enemies?
The Oprichniki
What famous church was rebuilt under Justinian’s rule?
The Hagia Sophia
What two missionaries created the Cyrillic alphabet?
Cyril and Methodius
Which ruler converted Kievan Rus to Christianity?
Vladimir I
Who were the indigenous population of Kievan Russia
The Slav
Which city rose in importance under Mongol rule?
Moscow
What belief claimed Moscow was the “Third Rome”?
The idea that it was the last true center of Christianity after Rome and Constantinople
What disagreement caused the Great Schism of 1054?
Dispute over authority between the Pope and the Patriarch
What event marked the end of the Byzantine Empire?
Fall of Constantinople (1453)
What was Yaroslav the Wise’s major legal achievement?
The Pravda Russkia (first law code)
What goods did the Rus trade with Byzantium?
Furs, slaves, wax, and honey
Who was called “Ivan Moneybag” and why?
Ivan I; collected taxes for the Mongols and gained favor
What was the most famous church built under Ivan IV?
St. Basil’s Cathedral
Name two reasons the Byzantine Empire lasted 1,000 years after Rome’s fall.
Strong central government, strategic location, powerful army/navy, or diplomacy
How did Byzantine culture influence Russia?
Spread Orthodox Christianity, architecture, Cyrillic writing, and law traditions
How did geography shape Kievan Rus’ development?
Open plains enabled trade/invasion; rivers linked Europe and Asia
How did Viking influence help form the Kievan state?
Introduced leadership, tribute systems, and trade networks
What was Ivan III’s greatest accomplishment?
Ended Mongol rule and united Russian lands
How did the Church support czars’ authority?
Taught that rulers governed by divine right and blessed their rule