Unit 1
Microscopy
Microscopy
These two factors are crucial for determining the clarity and detail of an image in a microscope
What is magnification and resolution
This scientific model describes the structure of cell membranes as a flexible, dynamic layer with scattered proteins throughout
What is the fluid mosaic model
The structure that pulls 30 nm nucleosomes together into the chromatin fiber
What is a histone H1
The functions of this system include the site of membrane lipid biosynthesis and entry point for proteins into the secretory pathway
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum
The process of ATP in the chloroplast being converted into Carbon dioxide and sugars was discovered by this scientist
Who is Melvin Calvin
The scientist responsible for the creation of the very first microscope
Who is Robert Hooke
These integral membrane proteins cross the entire membrane and stick out on either side into the cytosol
What are transmembrane proteins
Controls what mRNA is made within a cell. Between the making of DNA and Pre-mRNA
What is Transcriptional control
This structure is the equivalent of a lysosomes in an animal cell
What is a vacuole
The most abundant protein on earth responsible for fixing carbon-dioxide during photosynthesis
What is Rubisco
This type of microscopy would be best for visualizing the surface of a fungal cell
What is scanning electron microscope (SEM)
These types of molecules can freely pass through the plasma membrane without help from carrier proteins
What is small, nonpolar molecules
The scientist that was the first to theorize the nucleus that lied within a cell
Who is Ernest Rutherford
The Golgi Apparatus was discovered by this Italian scientist in 1898
Who is Camillo Golgi
The process of ATP production in mitochondria and chloroplasts happens via
What is chemiosmotic coupling
This type of microscopy would be best for visualizing a virus as it crosses the nuclear pore complex
What is fluorescent microscope
This molecule is the most abundant component of a biological membrane
What are phospholipids
This sequence is used in directing proteins into the nucleus
What is nuclear localization sequence (KKKRK)
These two SNARE types must match in order for vesicle fusion to occur
What are V and T SNAREs
Chloroplasts targeting sequence located at the N-terminus of the protein, that is highly specific allowing it to be recognized and transported by a chloroplast import receptor across the translocation channels (TOC/TIC) to reach the stroma and be cleaved off
What is Transit peptide
This protein, discovered in jellyfish, is often used for live cell fluorescent imaging
What is green fluorescent protein (GFP)
These types of transmembrane lipid transporter proteins flip specific lipids to establish lipid asymmetry in the membrane
What is flippases
This type of splicing is used during exon skipping of the pre-mRNAs from the D. melanogaster gene
What is alternative splicing
This specific protein is used in the transport pathway between the Endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus by selecting cargo proteins within the Endoplasmic reticulum lumen and assembling them into vesicles that will eventually travel to the Golgi apparatus
What is coat protein II (COPII)
Dimerization of this in the intermembrane or stroma creates a membrane kink, allowing protons to flow through the F0 subunit and exit into the matrix or thylakoid lumen, turning the axel resulting in the production of ATP
What is ATP synthase complex