Cell Development/Specialization
How many times can a cell duplicate?
Indefinitely
Which phases have checkpoints?
G1 & G2
Whats the purpose of Mitosis?
To make two identical daughter cells.
How do cancer cells form?
A cell went past a checkpoint and did not get checked correctly.
Longer, cells spend majority of life in interphase.
What happens in prophase?
Chromosomes condense & become more visible, the nuclear membrane disappears, and centroles have separated and moved to opposing poles of the cell.
Can cancer cells separate from the original tumor?
Yes.
What determines the function and specialized structure of a cell?
The parts of DNA that are activated.
How many full sets of DNA are present by the end of interphase?
Two fully developed sets.
What is the shortest phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
What allows the cancel cell to move past checkpoints?
They don't heed the normal signs that shut down the cell division process.
Why do cells differenciate?
Different genes are expressed differently in cells.
How many phases are in interphase, and what are they characterized by?
Three, characterized by specific processes involving different structures.
What phase do sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase
How many cells are needed to have a cancer cell?
One cell can transform.
Could the process of cell division lead to decreasing numbers of identical cells?
No, it can only lead to an increase of numbers.
What is each phase responsible for?
Gap 1) cell grows & synthesizes proteins, checkpoint!
Synthesis) Chromosomes replicate and divide to form sister chromatids.
Gap 2) Cells continue to grow and produce proteins necessary for cell division, checkpoint!
When does cytokinesis begin?
In telophase.
Whats the difference in a benign tumor, and a malignant tumor?
Benign tumors is a mass of abnormal cells, a malignant tumor invades or impairs the function of an organ.