Sister chromatids line up along the metaphase plate
200
What is the purpose of the G1 checkpoint?
Ensure the cell is large enough, has sufficient nutrients, social signals are present, and DNA is undamaged
200
What type of molecule is p53?
Tumor suppressor gene
200
Define sister chromatids.
Replicated Chromosome
300
What type of cells undergo mitosis?
Somatic cells (Diploid)
300
What are the proteins that make up MPF?
Cyclin and Cyclin-dependent kinase
300
What is the purpose of the G2 checkpoint?
Ensures DNA is replicated and undamaged and MPF is active
300
What is the difference between a malignant tumor and a benign tumor?
A malignant tumor spreads to other tissues
300
A fruitfly somatic cell has 8 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will the daughter cell have after mitosis?
8 chromosomes
400
The cell cycle is regulated by oscillations in the concentration of what molecule?
Cyclin
400
What differs about cytokinesis in a plant cell compared to an animal cell?
Plant cells must form a cell plate. They do not form a cleavage furrow.
400
What is the purpose of the M phase checkpoints?
Ensures chromosomes are attached to the spindle apparatus, ensures sister chromatids have separated and MPF is no longer present
400
How do malignant tumors spread to other tissues?
Through lymphatic vessels and blood vessels
400
How many chromosomes does a human somatic cell have?
46 chromosomes
500
What is an example of a type of cell in G0 phase?
Neurons, heart cells
500
What evidence suggests that during anaphase, microtubules are shortened at the kinetochore?
Scientists labeled the microtubules, bleached a portion, and observed that the portion near the kinetochore shortened, not the portion near the spindle.
500
How is MPF activated? In what stage of the cell cycle does this occur?
Activated by dephosphorylation of Cdk
Occurs in late G2 phase
500
How does social control affect the G1 checkpoint?
Increases cyclin and E2F levels, Rb binds to E2F which is phosphorylated by Cdk, then E2F causes the cell to pass the G1 checkpoint and enter S phase
500
How many DNA molecules will the human cell have after S phase?