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Vocabulary
Structures
Concepts
The Cell Membrane
Wild Card
100
This type of membrane-embedded protein helps to speed up chemical reactions
What is an enzyme?
100
This term is used to describe the filtering nature of the cell membrane
What is semi-permeable?
100

The term 'endocytosis' roughly translates to this

What is 'into/inside cell?' 

100
This term refers to the movement of a substance, through a transport protein, from an area of high [] to an area of low []
What is facilitated diffusion?
100
The cells of living organisms are constantly moving substances in and out in order to maintain this:

What is 'homeostasis?' 

200

This term is used to describe the polar phosphate heads of the cell membrane

What is hydrophilic?

200

These membrane-embedded proteins collect information about conditions on the outside of the cell and help relay that information to the nucleus

What are receptor proteins?

200
This is a temporary state of existence in which there is a higher [] of something on one side of a cell membrane compared to the other side
What is a concentration gradient?
200
This type of transport protein participates in facilitated diffusion
What is a channel protein?
200

Explain what will happen to a cell in a hypotonic solution and why

What is 'swell and burst because there is a lower concentration of solute outside the cell and more water outside of the cell; this water will move into the cell in an attempt to reach equilibrium?'

300

The part of the cell membrane made up of fatty acid tails is described as this with respect to its reaction to water

What is hydrophobic?

300
Name the two types of transport proteins
What are 1) channel proteins and 2) carrier proteins?
300
This is the process of forming a vesicle to move something INTO the cell
What is endocytosis?
300

This term is used to describe a molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrons

What is 'polar?' 

300
This type of protein uses ATP to change shape and move substances against their concentration gradient
What is a carrier protein?
400
These are the two types of active transport discussed in class
What are 1) membrane pumps and 2) vesicle formation?
400
This is a membrane pump found in all animal cells
What is the Sodium-Potassium Pump?
400

List the four macromolecules that make up all living things

What are 1) proteins, 2) lipids, 3) carbohydrates, and 4) nucleic acids?

400
Cells require transport mechanisms in order to move things in and out. Name two examples
What is oxygen/carbon dioxide/waste/nutrients?
400

Molecules that have an even distribution of electrons are called this

What is 'non polar?'

500

List the two major reasons why active transport occurs

What is 1) to move substances against their concentration gradient and 2) to move very large molecules in/out of cells? 

500
What are the two basic regions of the phospholipid bilayer and why is each region important?
What is hydrophilic (needs to work with water because cells are always in water) and hydrophobic (regulates movement of water in and out of cells)?
500
Name the four types of membrane-embedded proteins
What are 1) cell surface markers, 2) receptors, 3) enzymes, and 4) transport proteins?
500
These are the three types of passive transport discussed in class
What are 1) simple diffusion, 2) facilitated diffusion, 3) osmosis?
500
This is a state of existence in which there are approximately the same number of molecules on either side of a membrane
What is 'equilibrium?'