Cell Discovery
This man developed the term "cells" because he observed the tiny chambers in the honeycomb structure of a piece of cork (wine bottle), and it reminded him of the rooms or cells in a monastery.
Who is Robert Hooke.
This particular property of the cell membrane regulates the passage of molecules that can enter/leave the cell, but it can also block some things as well.
What is selectively permeable.
This fills the space inside of a cell. It is semi-fluid and is composed of water and dissolved materials. Organelles are suspended in this material.
What is the cytoplasm or cytosol.
This organelle provides the cell with the ATP it needs to perform its functions and activities. This is also the location where cellular respiration occurs within the cell.
What is the mitochondria.
This type of transport is the net movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
What is diffusion.
This cell type contains a membrane bound nucleus and various organelles.
What is a eukaryotic cell.
This particular property is used to describe the part of the phospholipid that "loves" water.
What is hydrophilic.
This organelle directs cell processes by providing DNA instructions. It is surrounded by its own membrane and is covered with pores.
What is the nucleus.
This organelle digests worn out cell parts and also plays a role to defend the cell from infection.
What is a lysosome.
The term that is used to describe the movement or diffusion of water into a cell.
What is osmosis.
Compound, electron, scanning, and transmission are all terms that relate to:
What is microscopes.
Large molecules such as sugars or amino acids that cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer alone must pass through these.
What are channel or carrier proteins.
This organelle is a series of flattened membranes. Cell products pass through these membranes and become packaged for delivery in or out of the cell.
What is the Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Complex or Golgi Body).
These are made by the nucleolus and their function is to follow DNA instructions to make proteins. They are free-floating or may be found attached to the ER.
What are ribosomes.
This term refers to the idea that molecules move in the direction from an area of high to low or low to high. You are either going with it or against it.
What is the concentration gradient.
This cell type does not contain a membrane bound nucleus or other organelles. Bacteria and Archaea are examples of this particular cell type.
What is a prokaryotic cell.
This particular component located within the phospholipid bilayer functions to control and regulate the fluidity of the membrane as well as stiffen and strengthen the membrane.
What is cholesterol.
This organelle is a series of interconnected passageways. Proteins and lipids are synthesized (put together) here also. There are two varieties 'S' and 'R'.
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
List two major differences between plant and animal cells.
1. Plant cells have cell walls. 2. Plant cells have chloroplasts.
The sodium/potassium pump requires ATP to pump against the concentration gradient moving the Na+/K+ toward a higher concentration. This is an example of what type of transport?
What is active transport.
List the three tenants of the cell theory.
1. Every living organism is composed of one or more cells. 2. All cells living today came from a preexisting cell. 3. Cells are the smallest living units of all living organisms.
Proteins (integral & peripheral) and other substances (glycolipids, glycoproteins, cholesterol) surround and embed the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The membrane is fluid like vegetable oil at room temperature. This concept is used to describe the membrane as ________________.
What is the fluid mosaic model.
These structures are responsible for the movement of the cell. The first is long and there are usually very few of them. The second is short and there are usually many of them.
What is Flagella & Cilia.
This component is found only in animal cells. It is made of microtubules and is thought to play a role in cell division.
What is centrioles/centrosomes. Centrioles are found in centrosomes. 2 centrioles make 1 centrosome.
The two types of transport that are responsible for bulk or vesicular transport.
What is endocytosis & exocytosis.