Vessels
Name and describe the arterial blood vessels.
Arteries, larger distribution, carry blood away from heart, to capillaries, subdivide into smaller
Arterioles, smaller than arts bigger than caps
Capillaries, smallest, exchange vessels in cap bed
What is a section of artery that has become too wide due to weakening arterial walls?
aneurysm
Why must the nurse understand hepatic portal circulation?
Where does exchange of nutrients and oxygen occur in fetal circulation?
placenta
What is normal BP?
Less than 140/90
More than 90/60
Arterial blood drains from the ______________ into smaller ______________ which join with other _____
and they _______________ in size and become _____.
capillaries
venules
venules
increase
veins
What is the result of ischemia of brain tissue caused by an embolism or ruptured aneurysm?
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Stroke
Tertiary Ischemic Attach (TIA) mini stroke
Blood pressure is the _______ of blood as it flows through the CV system. Where is BP the highest and the lowest?
Arteries high
veins lowest
What are the vessels that make this happen?
Umbilical chord, artery and vein
Normal pulse?
Describe pulse?
60-100
reg/irreg
norm/faint/bounding
What are the 3 layers of both arteries and veins?
Tunica externa - external, connective tissue
Tunica media- middle , smooth muscle/elastic
Tunica intima - lining, single layer squamous cell
Why is tunica media so much thicker?
What is the term for pooling of blood and what are some causes?
Varicose veins/varices
Standing for long times
heavy lifting
pregnancy
Pulses that can be felt in the upper and lower body?
temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral popliteal, doralis pedis
What if the function of the ductus venosus?
Shunts blood returning from placenta to bypass the liver and empty directly to the inferior vena cava.
When might BP fluctuate that would not be of concern?
Exercise, illness, fear, emotions, PAIN
What is arteriosclerosis and what are risk factors?
Hardening of the arteries from calcium deposits reducing blood flow.
What is vein inflammation?
Phlebitis
What are the sounds called when listening for BP?
Korotkoff sounds
The _________ shunts blood from the right atrium direcly into the left atrium and the _________ connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
foramen ovale
ductus arteriosus
What are high risk categories form HTN?
smoking, dx, stress, obesity, age, genetics, pain, alcohol in excess
1. ischemia, lack blood flow
2. necrosis, death of cells
3. gangrene, necrotic tissue left unattended
What is acute phlebitis? Why is this so dangerous?
Why more often in veins than arteries?
Thrombophlebitis
Because forming clot.
Because venous blood moves slower and under less pressure
Name the types of shock and describe.
Cardiogenic - heart failure, MI, doesn't pump effec
Hypovolemic - loss of blood
Neurogenic - widespread dialation of blood vessels, drugs, spinal injury, shuts down
Anaphalactic - acute allergic reaction
Septic - septicemia that released toxins into the blood
What is the function of the placenta in fetal circulation?
What happens to the placenta after birth of baby?
oxygen, nutrients,
gives away CO2, waste products to mother
Mother expels up to 30 minutes after
Upon the birth of a baby, what happens with the first deep breath?
Increases pressure on CV system which causes foramen ovale to close and destruction of fetal vessels.