Classical Persia
What modern day country was the capital of the Persian Empire in?
Iran
What modern day continent is and region of that continent (NW, SW, NE, SE, Central....etc.) is Greece located in?
S.E. Europe, The Balkans region
What Continent and region of that continent (NW, SW, SE, NE, N, W, Central....etc.) is Rome located in?
Southern Europe
Name at least three modern countries that were encompassed in the Maurya Empire.
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Iran
Name at least two geographic features that allowed China to have long term cultural continuity.
Himalaya mountains, Gobi Dessert, Huang He and Yangtze River (good for farming and can support large populations) Dense Rain forests of South East Asia, Pacific Ocean
What was the main religion of the Persian Empire
Zoroastrianism
Describe at least two ways Greece's geography and climate effected their development as a civilization
Explain how the Roman Republic is different than the Roman Empire. Who is responsible for changing Rome from a Republic to an Empire.
The Roman Republic was the first part of Roman Civilization which functioned as a politically decentralized democracy. The Roman Empire came later and had a politically centralized system (with the emperor holding total control). Julius Caesar was responsible for starting the transition to an empire. He family member Augustus was the first emperor of Rome.
Why are many South Asian empires traditionally located in the Northern part of the country? Name two geographic features of South Asia that led to this and explain how they effected the development of the South Asian civilization
The Himalayas create a strong natural barrier to the north that prevents invasions and regulates the Monsoon climate. The Ganges river and various tributaries allow for vast areas of farm land to develop. The Northern region receives more rain and is better suited for farming overall.
Explain why the Chinese Wars States Period inspired Qin Huangdi (The Yellow Emperor) to take such tight control over China when he became Emperor of the Qin Dynasty.
He was trying to unify China by strictly regulating crime and punishments as well as speech and dissenting opinions.
Describe the role of the Shah in the Persian Political System
He had centralized control over the entire empire. He could pick local governors to rule local provinces, make laws, raise taxes, and controlled the military.
Fill in the blanks with vocab words learned in unit 4.2 about Greek City States
Greek ______________________ had independent, ____________________, self-governing political structures.
Explain why historians commonly say: "Rome was a society of builders and warriors." Why was building and fighting so important to the Roman Empire.
The army, using the unbeatable, for a time, phalanx system was responsible for conquering and expanding the empire. While the builders and engineers, often also the men in the army, built roads and aqueducts to connect the empire.
Ashoka and the Maurya Empire:
1. Describe the impact of Ashoka's edicts on the governing style of the Maurya Empire
2. What did Ashoka create, that future rulers copy, to spread his laws and edicts?
1. Ashoka's edicts gave the Maurya empire a common set of laws, based on Buddhist teachings, that all citizens knew and could understand. This made the empire more fair and harmonious, while creating cultural solidarity amongst once conflicting city-states.
2. Ashoka created pillars of carved rock and put them in the center of towns and cities to tell everyone the laws and the teachings of the Buddha.
Why did the Qin Dynasty only last for 17 years, or only one emperor?
Huangdi did not make many friends. He eliminated all rival nobles in China. He heavily taxed the population. He burned books from previous time periods, erasing the previous history of China. He brutally punished anyone who went against his will or spoke bad about him. When he died many groups were ready to rebel and try to start their own dynasties.
How did the Persian Empire promote stability among diverse groups within its empire?
The Persian government allowed for widespread religious and cultural toleration. They let people practice their own religions and cultures
a. Political Structures
b. Role of Women
c. Social Structure
d. Focus of Daily Life
A. Athens: Democracy Sparta: Oligarchy
B. Athens: Traditional (limited rights, stay at home) B: Sparta: can own property, educated like boys
C. Athens: Diverse classes with slavery B: Sparta: Warrior Class and Slaves
D. Athens: Arts and Education B: Military Training
Why was the time period of Pax Romana (27BC - 180AD) considered "The Golden Age of Rome"
The time period of Pax Romana was a time of peace (no civil wars or great losses for the military), there were many good emperors (Augustus, Hadrian, Trajan, Marcus Aurelius), and the empire was at its peak in terms of total area controlled.
Hindu/Arabic Numerals, Trigonometry, Zero, Pi, Astronomy, Decimals
Han: Softer Legalism, made Confucianism the center of culture and society, introduced Daoist elements into Chinese culture, allowed regional nobles (wealthy landowning families) to become powerful again, started the civil service exam to created educated gov't workers
Qin: Followed a strict Legalist philosophy, did not allow any rival nobility, Huangdi relied on loyal servants to run the gov't, heavily taxed and controlled to population
Explain: 1. How Satrapies functioned in the Persian Gov't. 2. How Satrapies allowed for better government in the empire. 3. How did Satrapies go hand-in-hand with the Persian Empire's policy of cultural assimilation and toleration.
1. Satrapies were trusted locals chosen by the Shah to enforce his will in a Satrap, or province of the empire. They could be replaced at any time by the Shah 2. Satrapies were local so they could respond to issues faster. Satrapies were also locals so they knew local cultures and customs and could adjust certain laws to fit locals needs. 3. Satrapies worked to not make the gov't burdensome to locals.
Name and explain the significance of at least three accomplishments of the Athenian Golden Age.
The Punic Wars:
1. Who did Rome fight?
2. Why did they start?
3. How many different wars were there?
4. What was the result?
5. What is a takeaway (something shown about Roman culture) about Roman society from the Punic Wars
1. The mighty trading empire of Carthage
2. Dispute over Sicily island, valuable farming territory claimed by both Carthage and Rome
3. There were 3 rounds of wars
4. Rome destroyed and heavily subjugated Carthage through Total War Tactics
5. Rome never gives up despite massive losses at sea (Battle of Ecnomus) or on land (Hannibal's War Elephants across the Alps). Rome always fights back.
1. Where did the Gupta expand their influence and culture outside of India
2. What made the Gupta empire wealthy?
3. How did they expand their influence?
1. South East Asia (Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, Mainland Southeast Asia)
2. Trading agriculture, textiles, and natural resources like Gems
3. The Indian Ocean Trade Network
Name and explain the significance of at least two innovations/inventions of the Han Dynasty
Paper and movable type (more efficient record keeping, lightweight and cheaper writing material, lead to increase in literacy) Compass (for navigation and exploration, more efficient travel) Silk (chief export of China, massive money maker, employed many people, made China a market and trading capital) Chinese Medicine (holistic healing) Iron (strong weapons, building materials, and decorations)