The Bleed Goes On
This is the most common inherited bleeding disorder worldwide, caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of a glycoprotein essential for platelet adhesion
What is von Willebrand disease?
This oral anticoagulant works by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase
What is warfarin?
This vitamin deficiency produces neurologic symptoms such as peripheral neuropathy and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
What is vitamin B12 deficiency?
This is the most common leukemia in adults in Western countries, typically presenting in older patients with an elevated white blood cell count, lymphocytosis, and often an incidental finding on routine CBC.
What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
According to the 2023 AABB guidelines, for hemodynamically stable hospitalized adults, a restrictive transfusion strategy recommends considering red blood cell transfusion when the hemoglobin falls below this threshold
What is 7 g/dL?
Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of this clotting factor
What is Factor VIII?
This life-threatening complication of heparin therapy typically occurs 5–10 days after exposure, is caused by antibodies against platelet factor 4–heparin complexes, and paradoxically causes thrombosis rather than bleeding despite a falling platelet count.
What is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
This lab test, which measures the percentage of young red blood cells in circulation, helps distinguish between anemias caused by underproduction versus those caused by peripheral destruction or blood loss.
What is the reticulocyte count?
This myeloproliferative neoplasm is defined by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (a t(9;22) translocation producing the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene)
What is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
For hospitalized patients with therapy-induced hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia who are not actively bleeding, AABB guidelines recommend prophylactic platelet transfusion when the platelet count falls below this threshold.
What is 10,000/μL?
This acquired condition is the most common cause of isolated thrombocytopenia in an otherwise healthy adult, caused by autoantibodies directed against platelet surface glycoproteins.
What is immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
This acquired thrombophilia is characterized by arterial and venous thromboses, recurrent pregnancy loss, and the presence of lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, or anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies.
What is antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)?
In anemia of chronic disease, iron is sequestered in macrophages due to the action of this peptide hormone produced by the liver, which blocks ferroportin and reduces intestinal iron absorption
What is hepcidin?
The classic 'B symptoms' used in staging of lymphomas include fever greater than 38°C, drenching night sweats, and unintentional weight loss exceeding this percentage of body weight over 6 months.
What is 10%?
This blood product is the richest source of fibrinogen and is the treatment of choice for hypofibrinogenemia in massive hemorrhage or DIC.
What is cryoprecipitate?
This condition is characterized by simultaneous widespread clotting and bleeding, with labs showing elevated D-dimer, prolonged PT/aPTT, low fibrinogen, and thrombocytopenia.
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
This validated clinical prediction tool uses 7 criteria to estimate the pretest probability of pulmonary embolism. Name the tool and at least 3 of the 7 criteria
Wells score
clinical s/s of PE, PE is #1 dx or most likely, HR>100, immobilization for at least 3 days OR surgery in last 4 weeks, previous DVT or PE, hemoptysis, malignancy with tx within 6 mo or palliative
This classic triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure is most commonly seen in children after an E. coli O157:H7 infection
What is hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
This oral medication is given prophylactically before chemotherapy in patients at high risk for tumor lysis syndrome.
What is allopurinol?
This transfusion complication presents with hypertension, tachycardia, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema due to volume overload, and is treated with diuretics and supportive care.
What is transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?
This inherited platelet disorder is characterized by giant platelets on peripheral smear, thrombocytopenia, and defective platelet aggregation due to a deficiency of the glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex.
What is Bernard-Soulier syndrome?
In a patient with confirmed HIT and an acute lower extremity DVT, warfarin should NOT be started until the platelet count has recovered to at least this threshold, due to the risk of venous limb gangrene
150
This gastrointestinal condition, associated with autoimmune or H. pylori–related destruction of parietal cells, can cause iron deficiency anemia due to reduced gastric acid secretion, which impairs the conversion of ferric iron to the absorbable ferrous form
What is atrophic gastritis (achlorhydria)?
This myeloproliferative neoplasm is characterized by progressive bone marrow fibrosis, massive splenomegaly, and a peripheral smear showing a leukoerythroblastic picture with teardrop-shaped red blood cells
What is primary myelofibrosis?
The 2025 AABB guidelines make a strong recommendation against platelet transfusion in patients with this tropical infection-related consumptive thrombocytopenia in the absence of major bleeding, as evidence shows no benefit and possible harm
What is Dengue?