Vocabulary
A Strand of RNA That Encodes Information to Make a Protein.
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)
What RNA Base Bonds With Adenine During Transcription?
Uracil. In RNA, Uracil Takes The Place of Thymine.
Where does Translation happen?
Translation happens at the Ribosome.
What is each group of three mRNA bases called?
A codon.
What do cells use as their design plans for proteins?
DNA contains the instructions for building proteins.
A cell organelle that is the site of protein synthesis.
What is a ribosome?
What RNA bases pair with thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
Thymine pairs with adenine, cytosine pairs with guanine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.
What is the start codon for Translation?
What is the start codon for Translation?
What Amino Acid is considered the "Start Signal"?
Methionine or AUG
*Bonus Points if you name both
What is a gene?
Is a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
An enzyme that enables the process of transcription by separating a strand of DNA and forming a complementary strand of mRNA.
What is RNA polymerase?
If a DNA template strand begins with TAC, what complementary mRNA codon will form during transcription?
AUG
What anticodon attaches to the start codon AUG?
UAC attaches to AUG.
What does the codon UAG signal? What does do?
UAG is a stop codon. It tells the ribosome to stop translation.
How does mRNA help genes make proteins?
During transcription, mRNA is built from the DNA sequence. Then the mRNA goes to the ribosome, where the codons are used to build a protein.
What is the definition of Nitrogenous Base?
A component of DNA that forms the "rungs" in the DNA structure.
What process uses DNA to make mRNA? Explain what happens during...
Transcription. During transcription, DNA serves as the template to build a complementary strand of mRNA.
What happens as tRNA molecules attach to the mRNA strand?
The ribosome joins the amino acids together, the tRNA detaches, and the mRNA moves upward in the ribosome.
Why can some transcription or translation errors have little effect?
Because several codons can code for the same amino acid. A small codon change may still make the same amino acid, so the protein may not change.
How do genes determine the traits of an organism?
Genes are made of DNA. During transcription, mRNA is made from the DNA. During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons and builds a protein. The protein’s shape and function then help determine the organism’s traits.
What is the definition of "Rungs" in Biology?
A complementary base pair that connects the two strands of a DNA double-helix molecule, forming the "steps" of the twisted ladder structure.
What mRNA sequence is built from the DNA template TAC GGA TAA CTA CCG GGT ATT CAA?
AUG CCU AUU GAU GGC CCA UAA GUU.
Why are start and stop codons necessary?
They tell the ribosome where to begin and where to end translation. Without them, the cell would not know how to start or stop building the protein.
Why can a small change in a codon sometimes not affect the amino acid made?
Because more than one codon can code for the same amino acid, so a small change may still produce the same amino acid.
BONUS!
Remember Sister Kadijah's references for the RNA & Protein Synthesis process. What were they?