Show:
Causes
Berlin Blockade + Korean War
Cuban Missile Crisis
The End of the Cold War
100

Give the two reasons for mistrust between the USA and the USSR

  • Stalin believed Western allies delayed D-Day landings to cause greater Soviet losses.
  • The US refused to share atomic bomb secrets with the USSR.
100

Give a brief explanation of the Korean War

North (communist)> South

South (democratic) allies with US > North

China intervenes (fearing invasion), helps push southern troops out of north

Remains divided in 2 after war/ containment shown to work.

100

During the Cuban Missile Crisis - who was in charge of cuba and what was their political ideology 

Fidel Castro - Communist
100

Name the American and Soviet leaders in the 1980s that and explain their approach to the cold war

  • Ronald Reagan (US President, 1981): Increased military spending and support for anti-communist governments. 500 Billion in military spending a year, knew Soviets couldn’t keep up.
  • Mikhail Gorbachev (Soviet Leader, 1985):  Wanted to decrease military spending and improve lives of Soviet people.
200

Explain the term 'Iron Curtain'

  • Stalin established a "buffer zone" of communist satellite states in Eastern Europe.
  • Term "Iron Curtain" was coined by Churchill in 1946, symbolising the division of Europe.
200

Explain what happened to Germany after WW2

Division and control by 4 allies- western allies joined together into one section. 2 separate ideologies, eventually 2 separate countries after Berlin Blockade

200

What was the failed anti-communist coup, backed by the CIA, called

Bay of Pigs

200

Explain either Glasnost or Perestroika

  • Glasnost (Openness): Encouraged discussion in Soviet Society, relaxed censorship, freed political prisoners.
  • Perestroika (Restructuring): Allowed limited private ownership of businesses and land – aimed to improve Soviet economy.
300

Explain the Marshall Plan (1948)

  • Marshall Plan (1948): $15 billion aid to rebuild Europe to prevent the spread of communism. Stalin barred Eastern European countries from receiving Marshall Plan aid.
300

What caused the Berlin blockade?

  • Western allies introduced the Deutschmark, angering the USSR.
300

Why did the Soviets want to have nuclear weapons in Cuba

US has nuclear bases in Italy and Turkey - could reach soviet union. Wanted to be able to target almost all major US cities.

300

After Gorbachev stated that violence would no longer be used to maintain communist regimes, name two countries that experienced uprisings

Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia

400

Explain the Truman Doctrine 1947

  • Truman Doctrine (1947): Military aid to countries to resist communism.
400

Explain what happened during the Berlin blockade

  • Stalin blockaded West Berlin; Western allies airlifted supplies (food, clothing, medicine) for 10 months (Operation Vittles / Berlin Airlift). Supplied 2.5 million people
400

Explain what happened during the Cuban Missile Crisis

After Bay of Pigs Castro asked Soviets for weapons to defend themselves against the US (strengthened bond between Soviets and Cuba)

  • Khruschev offered to build missile bases in Cuba capable of reaching cities almost all major US cities.
  • US discover Soviet missile bases in Cuba.
  • John F Kennedy (US president) decided against all out war, chose to have a naval blockade stopping all ships containing weapons parts from landing in Cuba.
  • US and Soviets VERY close to war. 13 day stand-still. Diplomacy (using diplomats to discuss problems and come to an arrangement) saved  the day.
400

What was a symbol of the Cold War in Germany. When was it build and when did it fall?

Berlin Wall 1961 - 1989
500

Explain the ideological differences between the USA and the USSR, with definitions for the key words.

  • Soviet Union: Communist ideology where the state controls property, industry, and services, limiting individual and media freedoms.
  • United States: Capitalist and democratic, allowing private property, wealth acquisition, and free elections with protections for free press and speech.
500

Give a result of the Berlin Blockade on Germany, the USA, USSR

  • Permanent division of Germany: West (Federal Republic of Germany), East (German Democratic Republic).
  • Creation of NATO (1949) (military pact of western allies) and Warsaw Pact (1955) (military pact of USSR and other communist states in east)
  • Arms race began with Soviet atomic bomb test (1949).
500

Give a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis for the USA, USSR and cuba

  • Soviets: removed missiles from Cuba. 
  • US: promised not to invade Cuba and removed missiles from Turkey/Italy.
  • Cuba: US promised not to invade
  • Soviets + US: nuclear testing ban + hotline between two governments
500

Name and explain 2 of the 3 ways the USSR maintained control over Eastern Europe (Eastern Blox)

  • Economic Control: USSR launched Comecon (1949) to manage Eastern Bloc economies.
  • Military Control: Warsaw Pact (1955) placed satellite states' armies under Soviet command.
  • Political Control: Cominform ensured loyalty of communist parties in all countries to Soviets.
  • Uprisings (Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland) were crushed by the USSR.