The Cold War and Review

one

100

Why was the House Un-American Activities Committee formed in 1938?

 to investigate subversive organizations

200

How did American children manage the threat of a Soviet nuclear attack

 They lived in fear.

 They practiced civil defense.

 They learned how to duck-and-cover.

300

Why was the Cold War considered an unfamiliar war for the United States?

Because no bombs were dropped

400

A communist sympathizer was someone who

 believed in communism but did not join the communist party

500

What did the Federal Employee Loyalty Program require? 

loyalty oaths from employers and extensive background checks.

two

100

The Cold War

a serious of tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after World War 2

200

What prompted the Senate to pass Resolution 301, which censured McCarthy?

•  his destructive behavior

• B:B. his brutal tactics

• C:C. his constant accusations of subversives

• D:D. all of the above

300

What types of threats were Americans facing that made them question the effectiveness of civil defense methods?

 the development of far more powerful H-bombs

400

During the Cold War, why would a person be added to a blacklist created by heads of Hollywood?

 They were thought to be a communist supporter

500

With fear of atomic destruction, many Americans protested that, “____________ was the only defense against nuclear war.”

Peace

three

100

Capitalism

     Freedom of opportunity

• Competition

• Little to no Government involvement

• Different classes and income levels (Rich and Poor)

200

Democracy

 

• Leaders are chosen or elected by the People

• Citizens have a voice

• Freedom of speech

300

Totalitarianism

 

• Government is led by a powerful leader or small group

• Government has total control over citizens’ Lives

• No Freedom of Speech

400

Who were Ethel and Julius Rosenberg (Rosenberg Trials)

were tried, convicted, and executed on charges of forwarding atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. Such highly publicized spy cases increased public fear that the federal government was riddled with traitors.

500

Communism

 

• Fairness and Equality

• Sameness

• Government controls market

• Goal is a classless society. No Rich, No Poor. Everyone is the same.

four

100

The Marshall Plan

Marshall Plan, officially known as the European Recovery Program (ERP), was an American initiative to aid Western Europe after World War II, aimed at rebuilding war-torn economies, preventing the spread of communism, and promoting political stability.

200

Describe the policy of containment

The policy of containment was a central strategy used by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism and the influence of the Soviet Union. The policy was based on the belief that communism, as promoted by the USSR, was inherently expansionist, and if left unchecked, it would spread to other countries around the world. The goal of containment was not to roll back communism where it already existed, but rather to stop its further expansion into new regions.

300

Why did the United States, Canada, and several countries in Western Europe formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

In this military alliance, each nation promised to defend any other member that was attacked.

400

Why was the United Nations formed?

The United Nations (UN) was formed in 1945 after the end of World War II with the primary goal of preventing future wars and fostering international cooperation to maintain peace and security. It was established to address the failures of the League of Nations, which had been ineffective in preventing the outbreak of WWII. Here's why the UN was created: 

This new world body was pledged to save the world from war.

500

Alger Hiss

 a U.S. State Department official accused of passing secrets to the Soviet Union, that contributed to a growing fear of subversion during the early Cold War; in 1950 a federal grand jury convicted Hiss of perjury, but his guilt in regard to espionage was not proven]

review 5

100

The Executive Order 9066 in February 1942,

panese internment refers to the forced relocation and incarceration of around 120,000 Japanese Americans, most of whom were U.S. citizens, during World War II. The U.S. government, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, issued Executive Order 9066 in February 1942, which authorized the military to designate areas for the internment of individuals considered threats to national security. This was largely in response to fears of espionage or sabotage after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941.

200

List Causes of the Great Depression

Stock Market Crash (1929):

• The Great Depression is often marked by the stock market crash of October 1929, known as Black Thursday (October 24) and Black Tuesday (October 29).
• Overproduction and Underconsumption:
  • In the 1920s, technological advances led to mass production of goods. 
• 
  

  1. Bank Failures:

     • Many banks had invested heavily in the stock market, and when the market crashed, they lost large sums of money. As a result, thousands of banks failed, which caused panic and further reduced the amount of money in circulation.

  2. Decline in International Trade:

     • Many nations, including the United States, imposed tariffs (taxes on imports) during the Depression, such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act in 1930, which worsened the global economic situation by reducing international trade and leading to retaliatory tariffs.

  3. Agricultural Collapse:

     • Farmers were already struggling due to overproduction, falling crop prices, and severe droughts. The Dust Bowl (a period of severe dust storms in the American Midwest) worsened conditions for farmers, who faced massive crop failures and economic hardships.

  4. Weak Banking System:

     • The banking system was poorly regulated, and many banks made risky investments. When banks failed, many people lost their life savings, further deepening the economic crisis.

• Economic Impact:

  1. Mass Unemployment:

300

Explain the role of the War Production Board.

The War Production Board (WPB) was a U.S. government agency created during World War II to oversee the conversion of the nation's industrial base from civilian production to military production. It was established on January 16, 1942, by an executive order from President Franklin D. Roosevelt, just a few weeks after the U.S. entered the war following the attack on Pearl Harbor.

400

How did the United States come out of the Great Depression

The United States began to recover from the Great Depression primarily due to a combination of government intervention, World War II, and economic reforms. Here are some key factors that helped the U.S. emerge from the Great De1. New Deal Programs (1933-1939) DEpression: 

500

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

iroshima:

1. The Bombing – August 6, 1945:

   • On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first-ever atomic bomb, "Little Boy", on Hiroshima, a city located in the western part of Japan. The bomb used uranium-235 as its fissile material.
   • The bomb exploded approximately 1,900 feet above the city at 8:15 AM, releasing a force equivalent to 15,000 tons of TNT.

2. Immediate Effects:

   • The explosion caused massive destruction within a 1-mile radius, flattening nearly every building in the city. The bomb's heat caused fires that spread throughout the city, further exacerbating the damage.
   • An estimated 70,000 to 80,000 people were killed instantly, and many more were seriously injured. The exact number of deaths is uncertain, but it is estimated that 140,000 people had died by the end of 1945 due to the immediate blast, radiation sickness, burns, and other injuries.

3. Aftermath:

   • The city of Hiroshima was left in ruins, with over 90% of the city's buildings destroyed.
   • Radiation sickness led to the death of thousands of survivors over the following weeks and months, with many suffering from long-term health issues such as cancer and other radiation-related illnesses.
   • The bombing devastated not only the physical infrastructure of Hiroshima but also its social and economic fabric, leaving the survivors to cope with profound psychological trauma.

4. Strategic Importance:

   • Hiroshima was a military and industrial hub for Japan, with important military bases, supply depots, and factories. However, it was also a civilian city, and the devastation caused by the bomb raised significant moral and ethical questions about the use of nuclear weapons.

Nagasaki:

1. The Bombing – August 9, 1945:

   • Three days after the bombing of Hiroshima, on August 9, 1945, the U.S. dropped a second atomic bomb, "Fat Man", on Nagasaki. This bomb used plutonium-239 as its fissile material.
   • The bomb exploded at around 11:02 AM over the industrial city of Nagasaki, which was located in the southern part of Japan.
   • The bomb was more powerful than the one dropped on Hiroshima, with an estimated yield of 21,000 tons of TNT.

2. Immediate Effects:

   • The explosion caused massive destruction within a 1.5-mile radius, but Nagasaki's hilly terrain helped shield parts of the city, reducing the total area affected compared to Hiroshima. However, the damage was still catastrophic.
   • Approximately 40,000 people were killed instantly, and by the end of 1945, the death toll from the bombing was estimated to be around 70,000.

3. Aftermath: