Pre-Commonwealth
Charles I's belief in this concept, which stated that he was divinely appointed by God to rule, led to significant conflict with Parliament and his subjects.
What was the divine right of kings?
This faction, composed of nobility, Catholics, and half of Parliament, supported King Charles I and believed in his divine right to rule.
What are the Royalists?
After the Royalists lost the English Civil War, this leader was executed, marking the end of his reign.
Who was Charles I?
This Puritan leader ruled England like a dictator after the execution of King Charles I.
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
While Charles I was King of England, the power of the nobility was declining. This shift in power indicated the early signs of what major transformation in English society?
What was social restructuring?
This leader of the Parliamentarians commanded the Roundheads and played a key role in challenging King Charles I’s authority.
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
Following the execution of Charles I, his son Charles II was forced into this situation.
What was banishment from England?
After the fall of the Commonwealth, this king was restored to the throne in 1660.
Who is Charles II?
Charles I’s rule created an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty as people were executed for treason. This fear was intensified by his inability to effectively manage conflicts with this institution.
What was Parliament?
The Royalists were backed by this cavalry force, known for their horseback combat and loyalty to King Charles I.
Who are the Cavaliers?
The new government formed after Charles I’s execution was led by this man, who took the title of Lord Protectorate
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
As a Puritan, Cromwell enforced strict religious laws and tried to remove the influence of this Christian denomination from England.
What is Catholicism?
Charles I's religious stance as an Anglican alienated certain groups within England. How did his religious beliefs contribute to the growing unrest?
What was the distrust and resentment from non-Anglican religious groups?
One major cause of instability between the Royalists and Parliamentarians was King Charles I’s belief that he did not need this governing body to rule England.
What is Parliament?
The Commonwealth was composed of these three nations under Cromwell’s leadership.
What were England, Scotland, and Ireland?
John Milton worked as this type of government official under Oliver Cromwell, handling diplomatic correspondence.
What is Latin Secretary?
The reign of Charles I saw a power struggle between the monarchy and the rising middle class. How did this struggle foreshadow future changes in England’s political system?
What was the shift toward parliamentary power and the decline of absolute monarchy?
King Charles I’s imposition of these financial burdens on merchants contributed to the unrest that led many to support the Parliamentarians.
What are levies and taxes?
This poet and civil servant became the leading figure in the Commonwealth after Cromwell’s death, taking on roles in international diplomacy and defense.
Who was John Milton?
This 1671 epic poem by John Milton tells the story of Jesus resisting Satan’s temptation in the wilderness.
What is Paradise Regained?