The Concept of Fluid and Electrolytes

Potassium

100

Range

3.5-5.3

200

Found in these foods

Fruits, vegetables, meat, fish

300

Importance in body

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle function, Acid/base balance, Intracellular enzyme reactions

400

Biggest concern for someone who has a potassium imbalance

Cardiac dysrhythmias

500

Causes of Hypokalemia(Name 2)

Hyperaldosteronism, Ileostomy tumor of the intestines, Acid base balance alterations, poor dietary intake, GI losses, prolonged intestinal suctioning

Sodium

100

I am found here

Extracellular fluid

200

I am important because...

Control, Regulates water balance

300

Causes of Hyponatremia(Name 3)

Vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, diuretics, Adrenal insufficiency, SIADH, medications

Extreme temps, excessive fluid intake, prolonged exercise

400

Signs and symptoms of Hyponatremia(Name 3)

Poor skin tugor, decrease salivation, dry mucosa, HA, decrease BP, Nausea, Abdominal Cramping, Neurologic changes

500

Signs and Symptoms of Hypernatremia(Name 3)

Thirst, swelling, elevated temperatures, confusion, muscle spasms

Crystalloids and Colloids

100

Normal Saline, D5W, LR are...

Isotonic

200

1/2NS, D5W, D5 1/2 NS are...

Hypotonic

300

3% NS, D5NS, D10 are

Hypertonic

400

Types of Colloids(There are 4)

Albumin, Blood, Plasma, Dextran 40

500

Example of when you would give an Isotonic solution

Surgery, Dehydration, Fluid Loss

Within the Concept of F&E

100

Insensible Fluid Loss Examples

Skin and Lungs(sweating and breathing)

200

Hyperemesis gravidarum

A severe type of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

300

Hypodermoclysis

When IV access is problematic, fluids are administered subcutaneously

400

The minimum amount of fluid you should intake daily

2500mL

500

The type of fluid given to someone with Third Spacing

Colloids(Albumin)

More of the F&E Concept

100

IV fluids given because...(Name 3)

Replace water, Correct electrolyte imbalance, Administer medications, replace lost blood or blood products, provide nutrients

200

IV fluid that contains trace electrolytes

Lactated Ringers

300

Water is vital because...(name 4)

Normal cellular functioning, Metabolic reactions, Transport nutrients and waste products, lubricant, insulator, shock absorber, help regulate and maintain body temperature

400

Movement of water across cell membrane from less concentrated solution to more concentrated solution

Osmosis

500

When to be cautious with Fluid Resuscitation(Name 3)

Kidney failure, Heart failure, Pulmonary edema, Head trauma and increased ICP, Hemoconcentration, children, elderly