Discovery
How many men did accompany Christopher Columbus in his first expedition?
120 men
When did Hernan Cortes travel from Cuba to Villa Rica de la Veracruz?
1519
What activity marked a significant point in local and global economy?
The discovery of silver.
Mention the first three orders that arrived to New Spain in the 17th Century.
The Franciscans, Dominicans, and Augustinians
Who was the direct representative of the King of Spain?
The Viceroy
When did Columbus sail in his second expedition and how many men and ships were under his management?
1493, with 17 ships and 1500 men
Why did Moctezuma II accept to meet up with Hernan Cortez in 1519?
Because he believed he was Quetzalcoatl the god.
Who were the Chichimec, and what characteristic helped them to overcome their challenges?
They were several indigenous groups, their resilience helped them adapt to different challenges during the colonization.
What was the conversion strategy the Spanish use to evangelize the indigenous?
•Used indigenous languages (Nahuatl, etc.) to preach, not just Spanish.
What was the Repartimiento and what did it cause?
It was the evolution of the Encomienda; it caused rotational forced labor and debt peonage on Haciendas.
Why did Columbus come back to Spain after his 4th expedition?
Because he lost all support from The Crown after the Queen's death.
What gave the Spaniards privileges like owning any land and indigenous people in those territories?
The Spanish Encomienda
When did the conflict period between Chichimec and Spanish start and end?
1550 to 1590
What did the Spanish orders do with the Aztec Temples?
They destroyed them and built massive Conventos.
What was the Social Hierarchy and what was its distribution?
Casta System:
Peninsulars (born is Spain) Criollos (Spaniard born in New Spain) Mestizos (Spanish+Indigenous) Indios and African slaves.
In which expedition and year did Columbus and his people discover Trinity Island?
The 3rd expedition in 1498.
Why did the Spaniards and the Mexica get into a fight? How is this event called?
Pedro Alvarado ordered the murder of the Mexica, it's known as "La matanza del Templo Mayor" or the Great Temple's Murder
Explain how the social hierarchy was structured after the silver mining boom.
Spanish settlers, mestizos, and criollos formed the upper class, indigenous peoples, such as the Chichimec, were placed at the bottom of this system.
What is syncretism and how did the Spanish use during the evangelization?
What was the capital of New Spain?
Mexico City
When did Columbus pass away and how was his life before dying?
He lived a modest life and died in 1506
Cortes, supported by almost 80,000 tlaxcaltecan warriors, defeated the Mexicas, on August 13th, 1521, when Cuauhtemoc was emperor, consolidating the conquest of the Big Empire.
What is Camino real de tierra adentro? Explain its purpose, territory and years of use.
The silver route, active for 300 years, from Texas through Zacatecas, Guanajuato and San Luis Potosi.
What do you think were the real purposes of the evangelization?
To make the Crown richer and to have the indigenous under control.
What was the Social Hierarchy and what was its distribution?
Peninsulars (born is Spain) Criollos (Spaniard born in New Spain) Mestizos (Spanish+Indigenous) Indios and African slaves.