Christian Unity
One of the purposes of Christian Unity
1. Grants Strength, Witness to Christ in our life and actions, Present a clear message without conflictions
What year and who was the hertic/heresy
325, Arius (Argued there was a time "when the Son was not"
What year and what heretic(s)
381. Apollunarius (Denies full humanity of Christ), Eunomians (Son and Holy Spirit are creatures), Macedonius (Denies the Divinity of the Holy Spirit)
What year and what heretic
431. Nesorius
Which father developed the concept of Christ as the Logos (The Mind or Thought of the Father)
Justin Martyr
Three Biblical Analogies that express Church Unity
1. The Church is the body of Christ. 2. The Church is the Household of God. 3. The Church is the Bride of Christ
Summary of the Arian Heresy
He believed that while God is without beginning, the Son had a beginning
This canon would later create political issues
The Third Canon - Constantionople is the "new Rome"
What were the heresies?
The two natures of Christ, the title of St. Mary
What is the heresy of Sabellius and how is it opposite the Arian heresy?
Sabellius believed the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are all the same. Arius belived that the Son was less than the Father
Sources of Christian Unity
One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism
What was the outcome of the council
The Nicene Creed with the anathemas, twenty canons, and a Letter to Egypt
Which person defended the faith against Apollonarius and Macedonius
Pope Timothy, 22nd Pope
Describe the Nesorian heresy of two natures and St. Kyrillos' response. Provide and explain the metaphor used by St. Kyrillos
Nestorius argued that Christ was two separate persons, one Divine and one human. St. Kyrillos showed the indivisible union of the divine and human natures in Christ. (He used the metaphor of molten iron. Although they are two substances, they become one, untied in one without mixing, fusion, or change.
How can we understand the existance of the Logos before all ages prior to the incarnation? Explain the analogies
Two analogies of Justin Martyr (Fire from Fire & Idea and Speech)
An example of Christian Unity
The Ecumenical Councils
Mention two discussion points Arius and St. Athanasius had. What did Arius say and how did St. Athanasius respond?
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What is the Apollanarian hersey and how was it refuted?
Apollonarius did not beleive in the complete human nature of Christ. The council rejected this idea as Christ being fully man and fully God
Describe the Nestorian heresy of the title of St. Mary and St. Kyrillos response
Nesorius argued that St. Mary should be called the Mother of Christ - Christotokos and not Theotokos - Mother of God. St. Kyrillos says in his response "Not that the nature of the Word originated with St. Mary, but within her was formed the sacred Body to which the Word was hypostatically united"
What was the Gnositc Heresy and who refuted this heresy?
Differentiated between the God of the Old Testament and the God of the New Testament and a Supreme God and a lower creater God. Refuted by St. Irenaus. Said that the Gold of the Old Testament, the God of the Gospels, and the God attainable through reason are all one in the same God.
What do we mean when we say God is three Person in one Essence
Shared Divine essence in three persons
Mention any two of the canons from any category
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What were the outcomes of the council of Constantinople?
Heresy of Macedonius and Apollonarius were condemned and the clause concerning the Holy Spirit was added
Outcomes of the Council - Explain each (3)
Singleness of the Lord's person. 2. The Inseparable union of the two natures of Christ. 3. The title of the Theotokos
Explain the following. The Father begat the Son and the Son is begotten of the Father. Since the son is begotten of God, the Son is fully divine