Terminology
What Latin word, meaning "cross," is the origin of the term "Crusade"?
Crux
What city was considered the "most holy of holy places for Christians"?
Jerusalem.
What food products did Medieval Europe gain from their contact with the Muslim world? Name two.
Rice, coffee, sherbet, dates, apricots, lemons, sugar, spices, melons, and rhubarb.
The term "Crusades" was used from the very beginning of the military campaigns.
The term was not used until the French
What was a knight's apprentice, who would assist a knight and train for knighthood, called?
A squire.
What did the first crusaders call themselves?
Pilgrims
What nearby city was Jesus born in, making Jerusalem and the surrounding area so significant to Christians?
Bethlehem
Name two household goods that were brought back to Europe from the Crusades.
Mirrors, carpets, cotton cloth, ships compasses, writing paper, wheelbarrows, mattresses, and shawls
The Christians and Muslims laid claim to the same holy places, which caused their relationship to become challenged.
True
What was the term for the fortified home of a lord or a king?
A castle.
What does the term "simultaneously" mean, as used in the text to describe the existence of Christianity and Islam?
At the same time
What structure was built in Jerusalem on the rock where Muhammad was said to have sat and prayed?
The Dome of the Rock.
The Crusades were expensive to run. How did this lead to the development of a modern system of government?
The need to raise funds led to the creation of governmental processes for assessing and collecting taxes.
Trade between Christians and Muslims was completely stopped by trade embargoes issued by the Papacy.
False
What was the dominant political and economic system in medieval Europe, where land was held by lords in exchange for military service from vassals?
Feudalism.
What does it mean to say the Crusaders "plundered without mercy" after a battle?
They took goods by force from the people of the Middle East
What was the primary reason the relationship between Christianity and Islam was "frayed"?
Each laid claim to the same holy places in the Middle East.
Name two new ideas or concepts that were introduced to Europe as a result of the Crusades.
Chess, Arabic figures 0 to 9, pain-killing drugs, algebra, irrigation, chemistry, the color scarlet, water wheels, and water clocks.
Of the eight listed Crusades, the Fifth Crusade was the longest.
False. The Seventh Crusade was the longest, lasting six years.
What was the term for a member of the lowest feudal class, who was bound to the land and subject to a lord?
A serf.
What is the definition of "papacy"?
The office or authority of the Pope.
Around what year did Muslims capture Jerusalem, which helped spark the Crusades?
1076.
The text states that "many items we now take for granted came from the time of the Crusades". Based on the provided list, what is one item that you use often today that was gained from the Crusades?
Answers may vary, but examples could include coffee, sugar, spices, paper, or the numbers 0-9.
The Christian pilgrims wore large red cloth crosses to symbolize their vows, which would only be fulfilled upon reaching their destination.
True
Who quickly became the dominant power in Europe when the medieval age began in the 5th century?
The Catholic Church