Rocks & Minerals
What is a rock made of?
Minerals, rock fragments, organic matter, or glass
What is molten rock called when it is inside the Earth?
Magma
What is the process of sediment turning into rock called?
Lithification
How do metamorphic rocks form?
From heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids
What is the rock cycle?
The series of processes that change one rock type into another
True or False: Once a rock forms, it never changes.
False
What process forms igneous rocks?
Cooling and crystallization of molten rock
How many Steps are there to the sedimentary rock process?
4 steps
Where do metamorphic rock typically form at?
plate boundaries
True or False: The rock cycle has a clear beginning and end.
False
What are the three main types of rocks?
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
What is molten rock called when it erupts on the surface?
Lava
What are the two steps of lithification?
Compaction and cementation
What igneous rock can turn into gneiss?
Granite
What process exposes igneous and metamorphic rocks formed deep underground?
Uplift
What do geologists call the pieces that make up a rock?
Grains
What type of igneous rock forms when lava cools too quickly for crystals to form?
Volcanic glass (obsidian)
What step comes after erosion in the sedimentary rock process?
deopsition
What sedimentary rock can turn into marble?
Limestone
What forces drive the rock cycle?
Plate motion, uplift, heat, pressure, and surface processes
What is a mineral?
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystal structure and definite chemical composition
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock?
Intrusive cools underground slowly (large crystals); extrusive cools on surface quickly (small crystals)
What is limestone that contains fossils called?
Fossiliferous limestone
What can metamorphic rocks form from?
Any type of rock (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks)
When uplift occurs and rock is exposed to the elements, what can begin to happen to the newly exposed rock?
Weathering and erosion