Acidic Antics
If 15% of a sample of DNA is thymine, what percentage of the DNA is guanine?
35%
Explanation:
If there is 15% thymine, then there must be 15% adenine. So 100 - 30 = 70% is left which means that there must be 35% guanine and 35% cytosine.
In which process are Okazaki fragments created?
Replication
What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
It unwinds the DNA and adds complementary RNA nucleotides
RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA and adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the growing RNA strand during transcription.
What base does adenine pair with?
thymine
What was the purpose of Frederick Griffiths's experiment?
His experiment was the first which suggested that bacteria can transfer genetic information through a process called transformation.
What are the three main components of a DNA nucleotide?
phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base
Explanation:
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) is the polymeric form of nucleotide structures in the shape of a double helix. Each strand is made up of alternating deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four nitrogenous bases.
How is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used?
To make many copies of a DNA molecule.
Explanation:
PCR is a technique that can make billions of copies of one molecule of DNA by repeatedly copying a specific stretch of that DNA.
In which direction does transcription occur on the DNA template strand?
3' to 5'
Transcription occurs in the 3' to 5' direction on the DNA template strand, resulting in the synthesis of RNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA?
uracil
What did Joachim Hammerling discover in his experiment?
He established that the genetic information in a eukaryotic cell is housed within the nucleus.
Which type of reaction forms RNA polymers from nucleotide monomers?
Condensation reaction
DNA and RNA are synthesized in a_____prime to_____prime direction.
5 and 3
Explanation:
Directionality refers to the orientation of nucleotides on a single strand of DNA or RNA, which are both orientated in a 5' to 3' direction. This specifically refers to the 5th and 3rd carbon on the pentose sugar. Every strand of DNA or RNA will have an exposed phosphate group at one end (5') and an exposed hydroxyl group at the other end (3').
!!DAILY DOUBLE!!
The start codon on mRNA is always_____and this codes for the addition of_______.
AUG
methionine
What is a codon?
A sequence of nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to an amino acid.
The Hershey–Chase experiment suggested that ____ was the genetic material and not _____?
DNA and Proteins
Which nitrogenous bases are purines?
Adenine and Guanine
In which process are DNA fragments separated according to their size?
Electrophoresis
Explanation:
Electrophoresis involves passing an electric current through agarose gel, causing DNA fragments to move towards the end of the gel.
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA strand during transcription?
RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing the RNA strand during transcription by adding complementary RNA nucleotides to the growing strand.
What causes variation in both sexually and asexually reproducing organisms?
Mutations
What did Rosalind Franklin discover?
The structure of DNA.
According to Chargaff’s rule, in natural DNA, the number of guanine bases should be_____ to the number of_____.
equal
cytosine
What type of DNA replication takes place during binary fission?
Semi-Conservetive.
What is the function of tRNA synthesized during transcription?
Carrying amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA (transfer RNA) synthesized during transcription is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during translation, ensuring the correct assembly of the polypeptide chain.
On what street did the 1666 Great Fire of London start?
Pudding Lane
How did Friedrich Miescher contribute to the discovery of DNA?
He discovered that the nuclei of cells contained large quantities of a substance that did not look like or behave like protein.