Nutrients
What is the monomer of a Lipid called?
Fatty Acid
The molecules that enzymes act on are called...
Substrate
The mouth and stomach rip and grind and dissolve our food physically. This process is known as...
Mechanical Digestion
Which organ produces bile?
Which stores it?
What does bile do?
Liver
Gall Bladder
Emulsifies Fats (helps break down)
This small flap prevents food and liquid from entering our lungs.
The Epiglottis
What is the small, repeating subunit of a large macromolecule called?
Monomer
This enzyme is made in two different locations, both the salivatory glands as well as the pancreas?
Amylase.
Bonus... What does it break down?
The esophagus uses this type of muscle contractions to carry food down to the stomach, even when upside down.
Peristalsis
The lining of the small intestine is covered in small finger like projections called ___________ and _____-__________ in order to maximize absorption.
Villi and Microvilli
What is the liquid leaving the stomach called?
Chyme
What is the monomer of a Protein called?
Amino Acid
Enzymes require specific conditions in order to function properly. Describe what can contribute to a functional condition?
pH, temperature...
What pH is the stomach and why does it need to be so?
2 to disinfect food as well as help it dissolve.
Mr. Baker is missing this body part but will never miss it. Why? (Use specific vocabulary)
Appendix because it is a vestigial organ.
What are the 4 main purposes of the digestive system
1) Ingest
2) Digest (mechanical/chemical)
3) Absorb
4) Eliminate
What is the monomer of a Carbohydrate called?
Monosaccharide
Where do secretions from the pancreas and liver/gall bladder mix with food to begin chemical digestion.
(Specifically)
The Duodenum
Describe what is an ulcer and what causes it.
Holes in the mucus layer of the stomach so that Pepsin and acid begin to digest the stomach itself.
It is called by the bacteria H Pylori.
They make vitamins that we ourselves cannot make.
What are the two sphincters around the stomach called?
The entry is called the esophageal or cardiac sphincter.
The exit is called the pyloric sphincter.
What is required for a macromolecule to be broken down on a molecular level (Chemically)?
Enzymes
List all of the enzymes secreted by the pancreas and what they break down. (100 points each and a bonus 100 points for getting them all)
Amylase - Carbohydrates
Lipase - Lipids
Trypsin - Proteins
Chymotrypsin - Proteins
List 4 functions of saliva that make it amazing.
Buffers protect teeth.
Mucus coats and protects the digestive lining.
Moisture lubricates food.
Amylase digests carbohydrates.
What are the main functions of the large intestine?
What are two things that can go wrong?
Absorb Water.
House bacteria to make/absorb vitamins
Stays too long - constipation
Too short - diarrhea
When Mr. Baker had gallstones, one got lodged in his bile duct, preventing anything from passing through.
What condition did he get diagnosed with in the hospital which ultimately led to the removal of his gall bladder?
Pancreatitis.