Organs & Structures
These glands in the mouth release enzymes to begin carbohydrate digestion.
What are the salivary glands?
This enzyme, secreted by the salivary glands, starts breaking down starch in the mouth.
What is salivary amylase?
These are the three major macromolecules chemically digested in the digestive system.
What are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
This muscle controls how much acidic chyme is released from the stomach into the duodenum.
What is the pyloric sphincter?
This inactive precursor is secreted by chief cells in the stomach and is converted into an active form in the presence of hydrochloric acid, so that proteins can be digested.
What is pepsinogen.
This organ lies behind the stomach and releases digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
What is the pancreas?
This enzyme is secreted by the pancreas to continue the breakdown of proteins in the small intestine.
What is trypsin?
The salivary glands and pancreas both produce enzymes that break down this type of macromolecule.
What are carbohydrates? (starch, polysaccharides)
This part of the digestive system receives secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
What is the duodenum (first part of the small intestine)?
This organ stores and concentrates bile before releasing it into the small intestine.
What is the gallbladder?
This pancreatic enzyme breaks triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
What is pancreatic lipase?
This enzyme breaks down milk sugar and is produced in the small intestine.
What is lactase?
These folds in the intestinal wall increase surface area for the absorption of nutrients.
What are villi.
This structure closes over the trachea to prevent choking while swallowing.
What is the epiglottis?
The pancreas produces this enzyme that breaks down starch in the small intestine.
What is pancreatic amylase?
This chemical compound is released into the duodenum and raises the pH so that the digestive enzymes can work optimally.
What is sodium bicarbonate.
This structure is responsible for the absorption of glycerol and fatty acids.
What is the lacteal.
The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. Its exocrine function help accomplish this process.
What is chemical digestion?
This digestive fluid emulsifies fats but contains no enzymes.
What is bile?
Name the function of the large intestine.
What is the absorption of water and salts. (absorption of vitamins as well)
Name the four sections of the large intestine.
What are the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons.