The new world of machines
The age of the clock
Scientific revolutionaries
The measure of time
Inventions and innovations
100

This English philosopher and scientist emphasized inductive reasoning and empirical methods in the 17th century.


Who is Francis bacon

100

This invention, perfected in the 17th century, revolutionized the measurement of time by improving accuracy.


What is the pendulum clock

100

This Polish astronomer’s heliocentric model set the stage for modern astronomy.


Who is Nicolas Copernicus 

100

The development of accurate timekeeping devices was crucial for this field of travel and exploration.


What is maritime navigation ?

100

This Dutch scientist developed one of the first practical microscopes.


Who is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek?


200

The development of this instrument allowed scientists to measure smaller intervals of time with greater precision.


What is the pendulum clock?

200

The increasing accuracy of clocks was crucial for this branch of navigation.


What is longitude determination?


200

This scientist’s work on planetary motion demonstrated that planets follow elliptical orbits.


Who is johannes Kepler ?

200

The invention of this type of clock, powered by weights and gears, marked an improvement over earlier timekeeping devices.


What is a mechanical clock

200

This invention, essential for navigation, allowed sailors to determine direction at sea.


What is the magnetic compass 

300

This Renaissance scientist laid the groundwork for modern mechanics with his experiments on motion and inertia.



Galileo galili 
300

This scientist’s laws of motion provided a theoretical basis for the mechanics of clocks and other machines.


Who is sir Isaac newton

300

This scientific method pioneer emphasized observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion.


What is the Baconian method (or scientific method)?


300

This key discovery in astronomy helped refine the measurement of time by improving calendar accuracy.


What is the observation of the planetary motion?
300

This measuring device, developed in the 17th century, allowed for more precise calculations in physics and engineering.


What is the barometer ?

400

The development of machines in the early modern period led to the rise of this economic system, which emphasized production and technological innovation


What is capitalism?

400

Before the pendulum clock, this type of clock was commonly used but was far less accurate.


What is a water clock (or clepsydra)?


400

This Italian scientist improved the telescope and observed Jupiter’s moons, challenging the geocentric model.


Who is Galileo galiliei 

400

The development of increasingly precise clocks played a key role in the standardization of this.


What is timekeeping? Or time zones

400

The refinement of glassmaking led to improvements in this scientific instrument, used to study distant objects.



What is the telescope 

500

 This 17th-century philosopher and mathematician developed Cartesian coordinates, linking algebra and geometry.


Who is Rene Descartes ?

500

The growing precision of clocks influenced not just science but also these two aspects of daily life.


What are work schedules and transportation 

500

his English scientist developed calculus and formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation.


Who is Isaac newton

500

This innovation, added to clocks in the 17th century, significantly improved their accuracy.


What is the pendulum 

500

The development of accurate timekeeping devices ultimately contributed to this major global scientific achievement.


What is the Industrial Revolution?