Periodicity
VOCAB: The tendency of an atom within a bond to pull electrons toward itself. AND which element has the highest value of this property?
What is electronegativity? Fluorine.
VOCAB: An atom with all its electrons as close to the nucleus as allowed.
What is in the ground state
VOCAB: Each electron has a unique set of quantum numbers thus an orbital can hold only two electrons and they must have opposite spin
Pauli Exclusion Principle
VOCAB: Emission of electrons when a light shines on metal
Photoelectric effect
Location on the periodic table and 3 characteristics of metals.
To the left of the "stairstep". Shiny, solid, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, lose electrons (to form cations)...
Which in each pair has the biggest radius, AND WHY?
Ba vs. Ca
K vs. Ca
Ba - more shells so larger
K - same # shells but smaller # protons (smaller nuclear pull on electrons)
The noble gas configuration of tungsten.
What is [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d4?
VOCAB: Electrons occupy orbitals of lower energy first.
Aufbau Principle
Difference between electron cloud and Bohr models in their view of the electron
quantum = electron viewed as a wave; cannot know exact location and momentum of an electron VS>
Bohr = electron viewed as a particle in fixed circular orbit
Elements in a group share similar properties because _________________
The have the same outer (valence) shell electrons.
Does Gallium (Ga) or Lead (Pb) behave chemically more like Germanium (Ge)?
What is Pb (same group)
The complete electron configuration of chromium.
What is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d4?
VOCAB: Electrons fill a set of orbitals such that there are the maximum number of parallel spins
Hunds Rule
VOCAB: An orbital
region around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found
A halogen in the 5th period
What is iodine?
VOCAB: The energy required to remove an electron from an atom AND its periodic trend.
What is ionization energy? Increases up and to the right.
The orbital notation for nitrogen
(draw this on board)
Main group elements are in these blocks on the period table.
What are s and p blocks
Produced a model of the atom with "energy levels" as electrons can only occupy certain energy levels.
Who is Bohr?
Block, period, group (number AND name), AND number of valence electrons of Barium
BLOCK: s
PERIOD: 6
GROUP: 2 (alkaline earth metals)
# ve-: 2
VOCAB: The physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
What is the periodic law
What each number and letter represent in the electron configuration 1s2
1 = energy level (period/principal quantum level)
s = sublevel (orbital shape)
2 = number of electrons in that orbital
Which is largest ?
O or O2-
O2-
VOCAB: Heisenberg uncertainty principal
“One cannot simultaneously determine both the position and momentum of an electron.”
Group # and 3 properties of alkali metals
Group 1. EC = ns1. Form +1 cations. soft. React violently with water. Very reactive.