Nervous System
What is the nervous system?
The nervous system is the body's communication network, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
What is the endocrine system?
The endocrine system consists of glands that produce and release hormones to regulate bodily functions and maintain homeostasis.
What is a neurotransmitter?
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons. They play a crucial role in communication between neurons.
Where is the hypothalamus located, and what is its function?
The hypothalamus is located in the brain and regulates various bodily functions by communicating with the pituitary gland.
Name the two main components of the nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Name three significant hormones and their functions.
Examples include insulin (regulates blood sugar), adrenaline (prepares body for fight or flight), and estrogen (regulates female reproductive system).
Name the three types of neurons and their functions.
Sensory neurons transmit sensory information, motor neurons control muscle movement, and interneurons relay signals between neurons.
What hormones two secreted by the pituitary gland that target the gonads?
Luteinizing hormone and Follicle Stimulating hormone.
What is the function of Dendrites?
Dendrites are projections from the cell body, or soma, of neurons. The main function of dendrites is to receive information from other neuron.
What is the role of hormones in maintaining homeostasis?
Hormones help regulate bodily functions by carrying a message from one part of the body to another. They control various physiological processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
What kind of molecule is a hormone and how do they travel around the body?
Hormones are proteins and they circulate through the body in the bloodstream
What hormone is secreted by the thyroid and what is its function?
The thyroid secretes thyroxine. Thyroxine regulates growth, energy production, and metabolism.
What is the function of sensory neurons?
Sensory neurons transmit sensory information from the body to the central nervous system (CNS).
Identify 3 glands of the endocrine system and their functions
Examples include the hypothalamus (regulates the pituitary gland), pituitary gland (controls other glands and growth), thyroid gland (regulates metabolism), etc.
What is a target tissue? Give an example of a hormone and its target tissue.
Specific cells/organs that a hormone affects.
Examples include insulin (targets cells to uptake glucose), adrenaline (acts on various organs to prepare for stress),prolactin (targets mammary glands), growth hormone (targets bones, muscles and organs), etc.
Explain the function of the pancreas in the endocrine system
The pancreas secretes insulin to lower blood sugar levels and glucagon to raise blood sugar levels, thus regulating glucose metabolism in the body.
What is the synapse?
A synapse is the space between two neurons where communication occurs
Explain the concept of negative feedback loops in hormone regulation
Negative feedback loops help maintain homeostasis by stopping further hormone production once a certain level is reached.
What allows the next neuron in the chain of sending a message to receive the message traveling across the synapse?
Explain how the pancreas secreting glucagon is an example of negative feedback.
When blood sugar levels get too low, the pancreas secretes glucagon which tells the liver to break down glycogen to help raise it. Once the blood sugar level is back to a healthy range, this tells the pancreas to stop secreting glucagon.
Describe the reflex arc and how it differs from normal message transmission in the nervous system.
Reflexes are involuntary. They bypasses the brain for faster response. Normal message transmission involves the brain processing information before sending a response
What is hypothyroidism (include 2 symptoms)?
Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid. Symptoms include:
•Fatigue and weakness
•Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
•Cold intolerance
•Dry skin and hair
•Constipation
•Depression or mood changes
•Muscle aches and stiffness
•Menstrual irregularities in women
•Memory impairment or difficulty concentrating
Discuss the importance of hormone receptors and their location in a cell.
Hormone receptors are proteins located on target cells that bind to specific hormones, initiating cellular responses. They are crucial for hormone signaling and can be found on the cell membrane.
Why are insulin and glucagon considered "antagonistic" to each other
These hormones have opposite affects on blood sugar levels. Insulin to lowers blood sugar levels and glucagon to raises blood sugar levels