Pituitary Gland
Enlargement of skeletal extremities
What is Acromegaly?
Rationale: Hypersecretion of GH that occurs after puberty. (ATI, The Comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review, pg. 117)
Adrenal insufficiency
What is Addison's Disease
Rationale: The hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones caused by autoimmune disease, TB, histoplasmosis, adrenalectomy, tumors, HIV; can be induced by abrupt cessation of steroid medications. (ATI, The Comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review pg. 119)
Acute and Modifiable
What is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Rationale: Usually characterized by an acute onset before 30 years old. In type 1 diabetes the pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by either genetic predisposition (not inherited), immunologic, environmental, or a combination of these factors. (ATI, The comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review, p. 123)
Overgrowth in height.
What is Giantism?
Rationale: Hypersecretion of GH that occurs in childhood prior to closure of the growth plates. (ATI, The Comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review, pg. 118)
Excess cortisol in the body
What is Cushing's Disease?
Rationale: The hypersecretion of the glucocorticoids caused by hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex or pituitary gland tumor. (ATI, The Comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review pg. 120)
Chronic and Non-modifiable
What is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Rationale: Usually occurs after 30 years old and is compromised of inadequate insulin production and insulin resistance. (ATI, The comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review, p. 122)
Shortness in height
What is Dwarfism?
Rationale: Hypersecretion of HG during during fetal development or childhood that results in limited growth congenital or result from damage to the pituitary gland. (ATI, The Comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review pg. 118)
Daily Double:
(Big S's)
-Excess Steroid, sugar, sodium; skin (thin, fragile, stria)
(Small s's)
- (add) STERIOID, hypoglycemic, hyponatermia, and hyperpigmented
What is Cushing's and Addison's Disease?
Causes the blood to become acidic
What is DKA Diabetic Ketoacidosis?
Rationale: An acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus due to insufficient insulin. Main manifestations are hyperglycemia (blood glucose levels vary between 300-800 mg/dL), acidosis, dehydration, and fluid loss; most common in type 1 diabetes mellitus. (ATI, The comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review, p. 125)
Polydipsia and Polyuria
What is Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
Rationale: A deficiency of ADH or vasopressin due to a disorder of the posterior pituitary gland that results in the inability of the kidneys to conserve water appropriately. (ATI, The Comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review pg. 118)
Decrease thyroid Hormone
What is Hypothyroidism?
Rationale: Suboptimal levels of thyroid hormone resulting in decreased metabolism. Occurs most frequent in females age 30 to 60. (ATI, The Comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review pg. 121)
diabetic medical emergency
What is Hyperglycemic Hypermolar State?
Rationale: An acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes (more commonly in type 2). It is characterized by elevated glucose levels greater than 600mg/dL, a hyperosmolar state, which leads to fluid and electrolyte losses. (ATI, The comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review, p. 125)
True or False SIADH causes hypervolemia?
False
Rationale:SIADH is cause by the excessive release of ADH resulting in the inability to excrete an appropriate amount of urine thus developing fluid retention and dilutional hyponatermia.
Hypervolemia is when the liquid portion of the blood is too high.
(ATI, The Comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review pg. 119)
Overproduction of thyroid hormone
What is Hyperthyroidism
Rationale: The excessive secretion of thyroid hormones. Graves disease is the most common type of hyperthyroid disease and causes overstimulation of the thyroid by circulating immunoglobulins. (ATI, The Comprehensive NCLEX-PN Review pg. 122)
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Rationale: Metformin (Fortamet, Glumetza, others) is generally the first medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes. It works primarily by lowering glucose production in the liver and improving your body's sensitivity to insulin so that your body uses insulin more effectively. (mayoclinic.org)