Anatomy & Glands
This gland known as the "master gland" helps in regulating multiple endocrine systems.
What is the pituitary gland?
The most common autoimmune cause of hyperthyroidism.
What is Graves’ disease?
This pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid.
What is TSH?
This core lab for thyroid function that reflects unbound circulating hormone.
What is free T4?
This eye finding commonly associated with Graves’ disease.
What is exophthalmos?
This mineral is essential for synthesis of T3 and T4.
What is iodine?
Deficiency of ADH secretion or renal response leads to this condition characterized by polyuria and polydipsia.
What is diabetes insipidus?
This pituitary hormone promotes renal water reabsorption.
What is ADH (vasopressin)?
An ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy is the standard diagnostic procedure for evaluating this disease.
What is thyroid cancer?
This disease process involves weight loss, heat intolerance, tremor, and tachycardia suggest this condition.
What is hyperthyroidism?
This organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions—its islets release hormones, while acinar cells make digestive enzymes.
What is the pancreas?
Central obesity, purple striae, “moon face,” and “buffalo hump” suggest this adrenal disorder.
What is Cushing’s syndrome?
These two hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland.
What is ADH and Oxytocin?
This bedside/lab protocol evaluates the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine in suspected DI.
What is the water deprivation test?
This disease process involves large tongue, cardiomegaly, and deep coarse voice these signs suggest this condition.
What is hypothyroidism?
These small glands posterior to the thyroid secrete a hormone that increases serum calcium.
What are the parathyroid glands?
Primary adrenal insufficiency with hypotension, weight loss, and hyperpigmentation.
What is Addison’s disease?
This adrenal cortical hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex, plays a role in the metabolism of glucose, proteins, and fats.
What are glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)?
This gland is palpated to feel the thrill and auscultated to hear a bruit when it is hyperactive.
What is hyperthyroidism?
This disease process involves muscle weakness, hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias. As well as Nephrolithiasis.
What is Hyperparathyroidism?
Name the main hormone(s) made by each: thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal medulla.
What are T3/T4/calcitonin (thyroid), parathormone or PTH (parathyroid), and epinephrine/norepinephrine (adrenal medulla)?
Catecholamine-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla causing episodic headaches, diaphoresis, and palpitations.
What is pheochromocytoma?
This mineralocorticoid conserves sodium and excretes potassium in the distal nephron.
What is aldosterone?
To distinguish Cushing disease this suppression test is used for localization.
What is a Low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests?
This disease process has the chief symptom of Tetany including numbness, tingling, and cramps of extremities.
What is hypoparathyroidism?