Insulins
Name the three short acting insulins on you list.
metformin
Glucophage
Synthroid, Levoxyl
This class of medications are primarily for those who were born with diabetes.
Insulin
(Injectable Hypoglycemic Agents)
see other slides for more information
insulin regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
Intermediate acting
Intermediate-acting insulins, primarily NPH (like Humulin N, Novolin N), start working in 2-4 hours, peak in 4-12 hours, and last 12-18 hours, providing coverage for about half a day or overnight, often used with faster-acting insulins to manage blood sugar between meals and overnight for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. They are injected under the skin (not for pumps) and help control glucose but can cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
There is one intermediate acting insulin on your list, name it....
Humulin N, Novolin N
glimepiride
Amaryl
Estrace
estradiol
This class of meds are available as synthetic or extracted from an animal
Thyroid
T/F Some insulins can be purchased without an RX
True
Why?
short acting
Short-acting insulins, like Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R), start working in about 30-60 minutes, peak in 2-4 hours, and last 3-6 hours, designed for mealtime coverage; they are also called "bolus" insulins, and are clear in appearance, contrasting with Rapid-acting insulins (like Humalog, Novolog, Apidra) that work even faster (minutes) but have shorter durations, often used for immediate sugar spikes.
Name the two long acting insulins on your list...
Levemir Lantus
liraglutide
Victoza
AndroGel **medication has been discontinued by the FDA*
testosterone
AndroGel and other testosterone therapies have been linked to an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and other serious cardiovascular problems in some men
This class of meds treat menopause, hot flashes and vaginal changes
Estrogen (aka: Hormone Replacement Therapy)
These two meds should be taken on an EMPTY stomach; tk with full glass of water; avoid antacids, dairy, calcium, & iron; pts should undergo thyroid-stimulating tests
Synthroid, Levoxyl levothyroxine
Armour Thyroid thyroid
Long acting insulins
Long-acting insulins, also known as basal insulins, provide a steady, background insulin level for 24 hours or longer, replacing the slow, continuous release from a healthy pancreas, with common examples being insulin glargine (Lantus, Toujeo, Basaglar), insulin detemir (Levemir), and the ultra-long-acting insulin degludec (Tresiba), used once daily for consistent glucose management.
What are the brand names for insulin R
Humulin R, Novolin R
glipizide
Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL
Armour Thyroid
thyroid
There are three medications on your list associated with the class Sulfonylureas (2nd Generation)
Name them:
Amaryl Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL DiaBeta
This medication interacts with birth control, what is it?
Actos/pioglitazone
type 1 diabetes
Causes & Development
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to little or no insulin production, causing high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). Symptoms often appear suddenly, including extreme thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, weight loss, and blurred vision, requiring lifelong insulin therapy for management.
What are the two brand names for insulin neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH)?
Humulin N, Novolin N
glyburide
DiaBeta
Provera
medroxyprogesterone
How do Biguanides work in the body?
used to treat Type 2 diabetes by decreasing liver glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity, making cells more responsive to insulin and taking up blood sugar
You should not take with digoxin or certain oral hypoglycemic agents;
What are the names of these two medications?
Januvia/sitagliptin
Tradjenta/linagliptin
type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition where the body either doesn't make enough insulin or doesn't use insulin properly (insulin resistance), causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to rise, leading to symptoms like increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and slow-healing sores, often linked to lifestyle factors like inactivity, obesity, and genetics, but manageable through diet, exercise, medication, and monitoring to prevent serious complications.
Levemir/insulin detemir
sitagliptin
Januvia
Actos
pioglitazone
a class of oral drugs (like pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) used for Type 2 diabetes, working by increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin (insulin sensitizers) to lower blood sugar
What is this class?
Thiazolidinedione
You should not take this if you are on ACE Inhibitors
Victoza/liraglutide
Armour Thyroid
Synthroid, Levoxyl
Armour Thyroid is a prescription medication containing desiccated (dried) pig thyroid gland extract
a synthetic thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and certain thyroid cancers, differing only in their inactive ingredients (fillers, dyes) but not their active hormone, though the American Thyroid Association advises caution when switching due to potential subtle effects on sensitive individuals.
These two brands sound alike but generics names are very different.
Novolog/insulin aspart
Humalog/ insulin lispro
differ in their active ingredient (lispro vs. aspart) and dosing timing, with NovoLog working slightly faster, often injected 5-10 mins before meals, while Humalog is typically given 15 mins before, though both are similar in function and coverage.
metformin/ sitagliptin
Janumet
Tradjenta
linagliptin
oral medications for Type 2 diabetes that boost natural incretin hormones (like GLP-1) to tell the pancreas to release more insulin and less glucagon after meals
What is this class
DPP-4 Inhibitors
This medication is an NTI and if reconstituted for IV it must be used immediately.
Synthroid, Levoxyl/levothyroxine
Menopause
Menopause is the natural end of menstruation, defined as 12 consecutive months without a period, typically occurring around age 52 but ranging from 45-55, marking the end of reproductive years due to declining ovarian hormone production.