What Does Hobbes Say?
What does Hobbes think of people?
They are selfish and cruel.
How much freedom does Locke think people should have? More or less
Locke thought people should have more freedom.
What did Rousseau say about the influence of civilizations on people? (p. 467)
People were born good but began to do bad things when civilizations developed.
According to Montesquieu, how should a monarch use their wealth and power?
A monarch should use their wealth and power to benefit the community.
What was the gathering of people who discussed ideas, played music, and recited poetry? (p. 469)
A salon
According to Hobbes, what is the best form of government?
Absolute monarchy
Locke felt that there were rights guaranteed to a person at birth? What did he call these rights?
Natural Rights
What does Rousseau mean, "Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains?" (p. 467)
People are oppressed by their governments. They are born good until civilization makes them do bad things.
How did the English government divide power in the 1700s? (p. 466)
Into 3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial
The time period in which thinkers and writers tried to solve the problems of society by using reason. (p. 469)
The Enlightenment
If the absolute monarch abuses his power, what can the people do?
Nothing
What were natural rights?
Life, property, liberty
Which Enlightenment ideal would Rousseau support most? (p. 467)
Equality
What did each branch of government do? (p. 466)
Legislative: made laws
Executive: enforced laws
Judicial: interpreted laws
Voltaire
Hobbes felt that ______________ was more important than ___________________.
Hobbes felt that order was more important than freedom.
What should people do if the government takes away natural rights?
People should rebel.
Rousseau did not believe that the social contract was between the ruler and the ruled. He said it was between _____________________. (p. 467)
The people of a community
Why did Montesquieu like the separation of powers? (p. 467)
He said that separating these powers kept each of the three branches from becoming too powerful. Each branch checked and balanced the powers of the other two branches.
Diderot wrote this collection of articles that explored new learning. (p. 471)
Encyclopedia
p. 465
Their lives were short and unhappy.
An agreement between the ruler and those who are ruled?
What is the general will? (p. 467)
Shared customs, traditions, and values
What made a monarch enlightened? (p. 471)
Enlightened monarchs accepted reason as important in governing. They supported enlightened causes such as education. They rejected divine right.