The Enlightenment
What is Absolutism?
A political system in which a ruler holds total power.
According to Locke, what institution protects the natural right of people to preserve their basic health and happiness?
A legislature.
According to Smith, what is the happy and unexpected result when people pursue their own economic gain?
Which form of government does Montesquieu advocate for?
A republic.
The belief that kings/queens receive their power from God and are responsible only to God.
According to Locke, who has the right to create a new government if the old government fails?
The people.
What is Adam Smith's main idea about trade?
Governments should not regulate trade.
Which of Montesquieu's theories is a foundational aspect of the U.S. Constitution?
Separation of power.
Which is NOT a human rights issue under the current absolute monarchy in Saudi Arabia?
Discrimination against men.
According to Voltaire, why is good that England allowed a multitude of religions?
What does Wollstonecraft recommend in order to make women equal to men?
Education in the same fields studied by men.
According to Rousseau, what should government work to do?
Reduce large differences of wealth and status between citizens.
What two tools and skills did the philosophers feel were necessary to find out the truth of things?
Observation and reason.
What is Voltaire's main idea about religion in society?
Governments should promote tolerance of different religions.
What methods did Wollstonecraft use to reach her conclusions?
Reason and experience.
According to Rousseau, what should the purpose of government be?
What is another name for the Enlightenment period?
The Age of Reason.
According to Adam Smith, what should economic activity be based on?
Individual decision-making.
In what ways are the main ideas of Wollstonecraft, Smith, Voltaire, and Locke similar?
All four place great importance on individual freedom.
What is the main difference between Locke and Hobbes?
Locke believes that people are capable of ruling themselves peacefully, while Hobbes believes they need a strong ruler to avoid chaos.