The Enlightenment

REASON & REVOLUTION

100

This intellectual movement used logic & reason to question traditional authority & improve society.

Enlightenment

200

This earlier movement (1543–1687) used observation, experimentation, & mathematics to understand the natural world.

Scientific Revolution

300

This idea suggests that the universe operates according to predictable rules that can be discovered through reason & observation.

Natural Law

400

During the Enlightenment, thinkers applied the methods of science to these three areas of human life: the government, society, and the ______ ? 

The Economy

500

These are rights that all humans are born with & that cannot legitimately be taken away.

Natural Rights

FAMOUS FIGURES

100

This English thinker believed people were naturally selfish & needed a strong government to maintain order.

Thomas Hobbes

200

This person is best remembered for abolishing serfdom in Austria and his emphasis on religious tolerance.

Josef II 

300

This French Enlightenment thinker criticized religious persecution & supported greater religious tolerance.

Voltaire

400

This English philosopher argued that people possessed natural rights & that government should have limited power.

John Locke

500

Known as the "Father of Capitalism," this thinker supported free markets & economic competition.

Adam Smith

ENLIGHTENMENT PRINCIPLES

100

This agreement describes how individuals create a government to secure their rights & welfare while agreeing to follow its rules.

Social Contract

200

This term describes the idea that political authority comes from the people rather than from a monarch's divine right.

Popular Sovereignty

300

Denis Diderot is best remembered for creating the _________ to share Enlightenment ideas. 

Encyclopedia

400

Baron de Montesquieu proposed dividing government into these three branches to prevent concentrated political power.

Legislative, Executive, Judicial

500

This concept describes the condition of people living without government, laws, or rules.

State of Nature

AT THE SALON

100

These gatherings brought intellectuals together to discuss & debate Enlightenment ideas.

Salons

200

Artistic style inspired by the simplicity, balance, & order of ancient Greece & Rome.

Neoclassicism

300

These are two famous composers who popularized classical music

Haydn & Mozart

400

Process in which society becomes less influenced by religion & religious institutions

Secularization

500

Artistic style featuring dramatic movement, emotion, & elaborate detail

Baroque