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Political Theory I
Philosophes
Political Theory II
Philosophes and American Government
Miscellaneous Enlightenment
stuff
100
What was the form of government during the Enlightenment
The Monarchy
100
The Philosophes were thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. They were ________, or a person who judges, evaluates, or criticizes something of governments and societies.
What are critics
100
The word Democracy is actually two words from Greek origin. Demo and Cracy (Actually, Demotic and Kratos)which translates to?
What is people and rule.
100
John Locke's belief that the natural condition of humans is a state of equality, wherein all the power of jurisdiction (law) is reciprocal (shared equally), no one having more (rights) than another will be the foundation of what historic document?
What is the Declaration of Independence. We hold these truths to be self evident that all men (people) are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
100
The idea of Natural Rights, that all things are born free and equal was determined by observing
Nature
200
Where did the king get his authority to rule?
From God (Gawd) Devine Right.
200
Phlosophes believed individual human actions mattered most in determining the future. The belief that you are responsible for your own destiny / life is known as?
What is Individualism
200
Separation of powers, checks and balances, and popular sovereignty are founding principles built into our constitution to _______ the power of our government.
What is limit
200
Which philosophe believed the government should be separated into three branches: The executive (enforce the laws), legislative (make the laws), and the judicial (interpret the laws) His beliefs are the foundation of our Constitution
Who is Baron de Montesquieu
200
He published the book, The Spirit of the Laws, which he believed described the perfect government.
Who is the Baron de Montesquieu
300
The 1600's and 1700's are considered a defining epoch in History when people began to question the world in which they lived, and the power of the Monarchy, is commonly referred to as?
What is the Age of Enlightenment
300
Some philosophes believed that religion should be down played, that it shouldn't have a role in government or political matters. This belief is known as?
What is What is secularism
300
According to Locke's philosophy (beliefs), government received its power from where?
The consent of the governed (people)
300
Which philosophe believed in civil liberties: freedom of speech, freedom of religion etc., will inspire our Bill of Rights.
Who is Francios-Marie Arouet, "Voltaire"
300
People throughout the world became Enlightened (made aware) and began to question their Governments and the abuses of their societies as a result of having read the writings of the Philosophes in the ______
What is the Encyclopedia
400
The belief that reason and the scientific method can logically explain human nature, and that truth can be determined by logical thinking is known as?
What is Rationalism
400
The fundamental doctrine (principle / policy) about the separation of church and state in American Government, comes from the Enlightenment idea of?
What is secularism
400
The theory that the perfect government should be limited in power by being divided into three branches, each equal in power so as to check and balance one another was to ensure what wouldn't happen?
no one branch could seize power and take away the rights of the people.
400
Which Philosophe proposed the idea of popular sovereignty: government must be created by and controlled by the people. The basis of how our government functions / works.?
Who is John Locke
400
Who said, “I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”
Who is Voltaire
500
All living things have natural rights, rights given by nature, these rights are a result of _______ law.
Natural Law
500
Speak to three examples of criticism the philosophes saw in their governments and societies.
What are the power and privileges of the Monarchy, Aristocracy (Nobles), and Clergy. Problems and abuses found in societies, poverty, lack of freedom and education, war, torture.
500
The reason for the ______ is the desire for protection, and well-being of the people (protect the people's natural rights); also the legitimization of the government by the people.
What is the Social Contract
500
Name the English writer and school teacher that argued that Enlightenment ideals of equality: educational opportunities, political rights including the right to vote should be extended to women as well as men.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft
500
People have supreme political authority (power), aka ______
Popular sovereignty