The
The theory that states that the earth is at the center of the universe is called
Geocentric
The theory that states that the sun is at the center of the universe is called
heliocentric
a transformative period (roughly 16th-18th centuries) in Europe where new ways of thinking, emphasizing observation, experimentation, and mathematics, replaced old ideas about the natural world,
scientific revolution
The Age of Enlightenment was also called this
Age of Reason
a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas
scientific method
A ruler who used Enlightenment ideas to influence political and social change while maintaining total power was called an
enlightened despot
people had to hand over their rights to a strong ruler. In exchange, they gained law and order.
this was called what
social contract
Italian scientist whose ideas put him in conflict with the Church and ended up with him on house arrest until he died
Galileo
Wealthy women held social gatherings called
salons
Britain tightly controlled colonial trade through laws such as the _______ Acts, which required colonists to trade mainly with Britain.
Navigation
Kepler discovered that planets orbit in what motion
Elliptical or oval
Strong supporter of free speech and religious tolerance
Used satire to criticize:
Voltaire
this English thinker said the ruler needed total power to keep citizens under control- strong government
Thomas Hobbes
The US first "constitution" which ended up being too weak and eventually replaced
Articles of Confederation
Government should reflect the general will of the people
Supported direct democracy
Rousseau
this scientist proposed that the sun was the center of the universe
Scientist who carefully recorded the movements of the planets for many years and produced mountains of accurate data based on his observations
Tycho Brahe
Scientist known for the scientific method
Sir Francis Bacon
characterized by a grand, ornate design. these styles could be seen in elaborate palaces such as Versailles
Baroque
English thinker who believed people are born with natural rights of life, liberty, property
John Locke
Italian thinker who was big on justice reform- against torture and death penalty
Cesare Beccaria
Key Work: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)
Argued women deserve the same education as men.
Believed educated women would benefit society.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Tycho Brahes assistant, used his data to develop new laws of planetary motion
Kepler