Person of Interest
A professor in the Faculty of Philosophy at Oxford University and Director of the Future of Humanity Institute within the Oxford Martin School. His research covers a range of big picture questions for humanity. Also, the main author of the reading.
Who is Nick Bostrom?
If X counts morally in its own right, which implies that it is permissible/impermissible to do things to it for its own sake, then X must possess this principle.
What is moral status?
The main author of the reading proposed this type of bias in 2002 to characterize the idea that "our intuitions favor the direction of overestimating the probability of those scenarios that make for a pleasant plot, since such scenarios will seem much more familiar and real."
What is good-story?
This type of cognition must be taken as a subject matter of engineering when dealing with Artificial General Intelligence. Most likely the most difficult kind of cognition to implement in an AI.
What is ethical?
This reigning world champion at chess lost their title after competing against an IBM supercomputer designed to play chess on February 1996.
Who is Garry Kasparov?
This legal principle binds judges to follow past precedent whenever possible.
What is stare decisis?
Denotes the capacity for phenomenal experience or qualia, such as the capacity to feel pain and suffer.
What is sentience?
This IBM chess-playing supercomputer became the first machine to win the title of world champion at chess against a reigning human world champion on February 1996.
What is Deep Blue?
A Research Fellow at the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence where he works full‐time on the foreseeable design issues of goal architectures in self‐improving AI. His current work centers on modifying classical decision theory to coherently describe self‐modification. He is also known for his popular writing on issues of human rationality and cognitive biases. Also, the second author of the reading.
Who is Eliezer Yudkowsky?
"In cases where the duration of an experience is of basic normative significance, it is the experience's subjective duration that counts."
What is Subjective Rate of Time?
Encompasses the set of capacities associated with higher intelligence, such as self-awareness and being a reason-responsive agent.
What is sapience?
One of the ways to achieve superintelligence is by increasing this functionality. Alternatively, increasing this parameter on particular PC components may also deteriorate them faster the longer you use them at this increased setting.
What is processing speed?
American philosopher specializing in normative and applied ethics, currently the Henry Rutgers University Professor of Philosophy and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. She proposed a definition for moral status in her book titled "Intricate Ethics: Rights, Responsibilities, and Permissible Harm" published in 2007.
Who is Frances Kamm?
"If two beings have the same functionality and the same conscious experience, and differ only in the substrate of their implementation, then they have the same moral status."
What is Substrate Non-Discrimination?
Aptly named for the "booming" evolution it implies, this hypothesis was made by Irving John Good in 1965 stating that "an AI sufficiently intelligent to understand its own design could cyclically redesign itself or create a successor system more intelligent than the previous version."
What is intelligence explosion?
These rules were coined by science fiction author Isaac Asimov in 1942 and are sometimes cited as a model for ethical AI development.
What are the Three Laws of Robotics?
This American computer scientist, author, inventor, and futurist, involved in fields such as optical character recognition, text-to-speech synthesis, speech recognition technology, and electronic keyboard instruments, stated in 2005 that "intelligence is inherently impossible to control, and that despite any human attempts at taking precautions, by definition ... Intelligent entities have the cleverness to easily overcome such barriers."
Who is Raymond Kurzweil?
"If two beings have the same functionality and the same conscious experience, and differ only in how they came into existence, then they have the same moral status."
What is Ontogeny Non-Discrimination?
This definition made by Vernor Steffen Vinge in 1993, containing a negative connotation, refers to a mind that thinks like a human but much faster.
What is weak superintelligence?
Inspired by coherent mathematical systems such as probability theory and expected utility maximization, this branch of AI is viewed as more amenable to the predictable self-modification problem than evolutionary programming and genetic algorithms by the authors of the reading.
What is Bayesian?