Neobehaviorism
The decade that behaviorism began to take hold in American experimental psychology
1930s
The central principle of Guthrie's theory on learning
Contiguity
The term that Tolman coined to describe learning that occurs even in the absence of reinforcement
Latent Learning
The probability that a response will occur at a given time
Reaction Potential
The name of the apparatus Skinner created to investigate operant conditioning
Operant chamber (Skinner box)
This historical event precipitated more widespread enthusiasm for the practical application of behaviorism
The Great Depression
The focus of Guthrie's career
Developing a theory on learning
The name of the theme in Tolman's system that holds that learned behavior is purposive and evolutionarily adaptive
Goal-Directedness
The most famous postulate from Hull's book Principles of Behavior
Postulate 4: Habit Strength
When a response is no longer reinforced, the response decreases in frequency
Extinction
The name of the researcher whose conditioning research was translated into English at the onset of the neobehaviorism movement
Pavlov
The objective of the only substantial research study that Guthrie conducted
Cat escape behavior
Hypothetical variables that are not seen directly but are inferable from the way the IV and DV are operationally defined
Intervening Variables
Hypnosis
The approach to scientific discovery that Skinner subscribed to
Inductive Approach
Definitions involving precise descriptions of procedures for measurement and for specifying the variables in an experiment
Operational definitions
According to Guthrie, the number of trials required to establish an S-R connection
One
This branch of psychology influenced Tolman's theory that the whole behavior is more than the sum of its stimulus-response units
Gestalt
The name of Hull's theory of learning, in which hypotheses are derived from postulates on human behavior and experiments are designed to test these hypotheses
Hypothetic-Deductive Theory of Learning
The tourist attraction that the Brelands opened in the 1950s, in which they trained animals to perform using Skinnerian conditioning principles
IQ Zoo
The author of the seminal book The Logic of Modern Physics, in which the concept of operationism was introduced
Percy Bridgman
According to Guthrie, this consequence of behavior is not necessary for learning to occur
Reinforcement
The name of Tolman's theory, in which he compared the brain to a "map control room"
Field Theory
Hull believed that these two conditions were necessary for learning to occur
Contiguity and Reinforcement
The type of conditioning in which a behavior is followed by some consequence, and the future chances of that behavior occurring is determined by those consequences
Type R Conditioning