Civilization Basics
This group of people without permanent homes moves from place to place in search of food.
Nomads
Name the major river of the Egyptian civilization
Nile
What was the name of the ruler of Egypt?
Pharoah
What significant change occurred during the Neolithic Revolution?
Shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture.
Identify the earliest form of writing developed in Mesopotamia.
Cuneiform
What is the primary lifestyle of hunter-gatherers?
Moving from place to place in search of food. No permanent homes.
Tigris and Euphrates
Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamians believed in many gods. What is the term for this?
Polytheistic
How did the Neolithic Revolution impact human societies?
Settled communities, surplus food production, and the development of more complex societies.
What was the name of the people who created the first writing system?
Sumerians
Identify the key characteristics of urban dwellers in early civilizations.
Urban dwellers in early civilizations lived in cities or large settlements.
Specialized occupations, trade, and social hierarchies.
Access to resources not available to rural populations.
One reason the Tigris & Euphrates, Indus, and Nile valleys became centers of early civilizations is that these valleys had what important resource?
Water for irrigation, transportation, and trade.
Why was Hammurabi's Code significant to its society, and what types of rules did it establish?
Set of laws for the society.
Laws about family, property, commerce, and crime.
Explain the concept of "specialization of labor"
People have different jobs and roles in society
Describe a primary source
It's something created or used by people who were actually there during the historical event.
What is another name for the region of Mesopotamia and modern Middle East. Hint: it is named after a shape.
Fertile Crescent
How did the geographical features of the Nile River contribute to the success of Ancient Egypt?
Annual flooding deposited nutrient-rich silt, allowing for fertile agricultural land.
Irrigation
Transportation.
How did ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt organize their social hierarchies?
A pharaoh or king at the top, followed by nobles, priests, and administrators. The majority of the population consisted of farmers and laborers.
What developments were directly associated with the Neolithic Revolution?
Domestication of plants and animals, the invention of agriculture, the development of pottery, and the establishment of permanent settlements
How did the earliest form of writing in Mesopotamia work?
It involved using wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets to represent words, sounds, and concepts.
Central governments, organized religion, social classes, art and architecture, cities, roads, writing, and different jobs are all features of what?
Civilization
What geographical advantages did river valleys offer for early civilizations in terms of defense, trade, and agriculture?
Natural barriers for defense
Fertile soil for agriculture
Transportation for trade and communication
Describe the role of religion in early civilizations. How did belief systems influence societal norms and practices?
Religion played a central role in early civilizations.
Temples, priests, and religious ceremonies were significant in daily life.
Compare and contrast the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages
The Paleolithic Age: hunting and gathering
Neolithic Age: agriculture, permanent settlements, developed more advanced tools, and created complex societies.
What role did writing systems play in the documentation and organization of information in early civilizations?
Recorded of laws, trade records, religious texts, and historical accounts.