Show:
Industries
Working/living conditions
Population
Government policies & laws
Miscellaneous
100
Define Industrialization
"The social and economic changes related to technological progress, which enables the transition from craftwork to the factory production of goods."(p.56)
100
What social class emerged with industrialization?
the working-class
100
Other than Canadian cities, during the rural exodus what was the destination of many migrants?
The United States of America. " Between 1850 and 1890, over 400 000 French Canadians settled in the United States, particularly in Vermont, Massachusetts and Maine." (p.72)
100
In 1885, the Québec government adopted an Act which set the minimum age for factory work at 12 years for boys and 14 years for girls and limits on the number of working hours per week. What was this Act called?
the Québec Factory Act
100
Who were the Knights of Labour?
The Knights of Labor, initially an American union and association, was a leading labor reform organization in the late 19th century. They organized marches and strikes in order to raise awareness about the poor working conditions and encouraged the working-class people to stand up for their rights.
200
Which industries were directly linked to the construction of the rail network?
Iron & steel industries
200
Employers were much more interested in hiring women and children, why?
'Women and children represented a cheap pool of labor and employers paid them even less than they paid men" (p.66)
200
What was the solution put into place by the clergy and government to slow the emigration of French Canadians to the United States?
'They worked together to introduce agricultural colonization programs in certain regions of the province, including the Saguenay and Lac-Saint-Jean, the Laurentides and the Outaouais.' (p.72)
200
What was the government's solution to the increased exposure to diseases brought by European immigrants (Irish)?
Quarantine Gross Isle
200
At the end of the 19th century, what was the leading agricultural industry?
The dairy industry.
300
With a growing population, certain industries experienced an increase in production in order to meet the increasing demands for certain goods and produce. Name the main fast-growing industries.
The main fast-growing industries are: food, textiles, leather, tobacco, and lumber
300
How many hours did the working class work during the week?
60 hours/week, yet it was not unusual to extend workers' hours over 72 hours/week.
300
Which school of thought influenced the colonization of Québec's underdeveloped regions? Why did the church and the government try to convince its inhabitants to "return to the land"?
Agriculturalism ( Farming is one of the values of French Canadian people) " Those who joined the movement rejected the industrial world; they valued faring and a return to the land." (p.73)
300
What were three improvements made to working conditions in factories?
1. the number of working hours 2. minimum age for employment in factories 3. Compensation for workers injured on the job
300
What solution was put into place in response to Britain's abolition of Preferential tariffs?
The Reciprocity Treaty
400
The transition from craftwork to factory production of goods influenced businessmen to invest their capital into what?
Means of Production and Transportation networks
400
Describe at least two living conditions of the working class?
There were two neighbourhoods: a) working-class neighbourhood, where workers lived near factories. -Coal was used for heating and fuel which caused air pollution. -homes/apartments were very small and unsanitary often had no electricity, no sewers, and no running water. - contagious disease spread. -Child mortality was very high. b) bourgeois neighbourhoods, which were located far from factories.
400
Why was Canada's population decreasing during Industrialization despite immigration into Canada between 1861 and 1901?
Following the creation of the Dominion of Canada, there was an influx of immigrants due to the Dominion wanting to develop inhabited territories, yet the number of people leaving the Dominion of Canada was higher than the number of immigrants arriving from Europe.
400
What year did the Federal Government recognize the legality of unions?
1872
400
One of the reasons behind confederation was the fear of manifest destiny. What is "manifest destiny"?
The idea that the US had divine right to rule lands to the West
500
What economic system promoted industrialization?
Industrial capitalism
500
The following statement describes the life of a worker employed by which industry? " The provisions that will be supplied for the camps will be bread, biscuits, lard, fish, and peas. I hope that everyone will be happy with this food. I promised no more than this. Any man who disobeys orders or does not perform satisfactorily will be immediately dismissed and will not receive one cent of his wages...The workday will run from daybreak to nightfall."
The life of a Logger: The Logging Industry
500
True or False: During the first phase of Industrialization, the rural population was decreasing.
True.
500
What were some of the services and or laws available to workers in case they had fallen ill or injured themselves on the job during the early 19th century?
None. Workers had no social protection. They were not paid and could even lose their job.
500
What is the difference between English Canadian Nationalism and French Canadian Nationalism?
English Canadian Nationalism believes that Canada should be supportive of the British Empire. French Canadian Nationalism believes that Canada should not support the British empire.